Abstract. To examine the genetic origin of the domestic pig, the distribution of wild boar, and human-mediated translocation of the domestic pig, we collected 223 samples from domestic pigs and wild boars from eight Indonesian islands, sequenced the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from each sample, and compared these sequences with previously determined sequences from East and Southeast Asian domestic pigs and wild boars. Three Sus species (S. scrofa, S. verrucosus, and S. celebensis) were identified on the Indonesian islands. The mtDNA sequences of three Indonesian Sus species were diverse, and they clustered into three lineages with low bootstrap values (an S. scrofa group including East and Southeast Asian domestic pigs and wild boars, a group including indigenous S. scrofa together with S. verrucosus from Sumatra and Java Islands, and an S. celebensis group from Sulawesi Island). The mtDNA haplotypes of S. scrofa wild boars from three (Sumbawa, Flores and New Guinea) islands and domestic pigs from two (Lombok and Timor) islands east of the Wallace Line, and some S. scrofa wild boars from Sumatra and Java Islands were related to Vietnamese pig mtDNA sequences in the East and Southeast Asian domestic pig and wild boar clade, supporting that ancient immigrants likely introduced domestic pigs from the Asian continent to east Indonesian islands. The mtDNA haplotypes of S. celebensis were broadly divided into three groups, which were distributed in the north and southwest areas, central area and southeast area of Sulawesi Island.

Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) is one of the most important ecosystem protection areas in Indonesia, where there is a wide variety of ecosystems. Currently, mushroom diversity in LLNP is rarely reported. This study aims to determine the diversity of macro fungi in several types of land use in Toro village around Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi and its potential as a raw material for food and medicine. The research was conducted in primary forest (Wana Ngkiki and Wana), secondary forest (Pangale), shrubs (Oma) and agroforestry land (Pampa). A total of 148 species of macro mushrooms were found, which were distributed as many as 52 species in primary forest (Wana Ngkiki), 48 species in primary forest (Wana), 40 species in secondary forest (Pangale), 34 species in shrubs (Oma) and 50 species. in agroforestry land (Pampa). Furthermore, as many as 12 types of macro mushrooms are used as food and medicine by local indigenous people, namely: Pleurotus sp, Auricularia sp, Auricularia auricula-judae, Termytomyces sp, Lentinus sp, Schizophyllum commune, Agaricus subrutilescens, Boletus sp, Daldinia sp and Ganoderma lucidum. The number of macro-fungus species found in this area is certainly not a final investigation. Therefore, further expeditions to explore the diversity of macro fungi should be carried out in all parts of the park and in different seasons every year in order to obtain more complete data of macro fungi in the park.

Anoa is a wildlife species highly sensitive and selective to the habitat preferences. The study aims to identify the anoa habitat condition in the Nature

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