A study was carried out in 135 women of reproductive age to evaluate the role of the Papanicolaou smear performed in cervical and vaginal samples for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV), to validate the method for this diagnosis and to evaluate the reproducibility of the criterion used. The cervical and vaginal smears were stained using the Papanicolaou method and evaluated by two separate observers. The finding of 20% or more clue cells was considered positive for the presence of BV. This diagnostic criterion presented a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 81%, and a negative predictive value of 96%, both in cervical and vaginal samples. There was excellent agreement in the diagnosis of BV between the two observers (kappa, 0.87) and between cervical and vaginal samples (kappa, 0.92). Therefore, the presence of 20% or more clue cells in the Papanicolaou smear is an accurate and reproducible criterion for the diagnosis of BV and may be used in screening for this infection, eliminating the need for further vaginal sample collection.
The objective of this study was to analyze the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Pap smears were analyzed to verify the presence of BV and SIL. One hundred and ten women with SIL comprised the study group, while 110 women with no cytological abnormalities served as controls. BV was similarly present in women of both groups: 18% of women with SIL and 12% of women without SIL. Results were also similar when the grade of SIL was taken into consideration. BV was detected in 16% of women with low-grade SIL and in 12% of women in the control group, while a higher rate of BV (33%) was found among women with high-grade SIL in comparison to the controls (12%). This difference, however, was not statistically significant. BV tended to be more common among women with high-grade SIL than in women with no cytological abnormalities.
RESUMOObjetivo: verifi car se, no escrutínio de rotina, fatores relacionados com a adequabilidade da amostra, padrão celular e critérios citomorfológicos estão associados a resultados falso-negativos (FN) dos exames citopatológicos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle, no qual o grupo de casos incluiu 100 esfregaços citopatológicos com um resultado FN que foi detectado pela sistemática de controle interno da qualidade com revisão rápida de 100%. Para cada resultado FN detectado foram identifi cados, pelo mesmo citotécnico, dois esfregaços com um diagnóstico verdadeiro-positivo e este grupo foi considerado controle, totalizando uma casuística de 300 esfregaços. As variáveis analisadas foram estabelecidas de acordo com os critérios defi nidos para a análise da adequabilidade da amostra, padrão celular e critérios citomorfológicos. Os resultados foram avaliados por análise bivariada e regressão logística com critério de seleção de variáveis stepwise e expressos em OR (95%). Resultados: o número de células atípicas, aspecto da cromatina nuclear, distribuição e apresentação de células atípicas no esfregaço apresentaram risco maior para resultados FN, com OR de 9,6; 4,2; 4,4 e 3,6, respectivamente. Processo infl amatório e presença de sangue no esfregaço mostraram também risco para os resultados FN. Conclusões: a maioria dos fatores associados à liberação de um resultado FN é dependente das condições e técnicas de coleta de material, pois, em grande parte, a lesão pode não estar adequadamente representada no esfregaço, e também fatores obscurecedores como sangue e processo infl amatório podem prejudicar a análise. Quanto às alterações citomorfológicas, cromatina fi na foi a característica que apresentou maior risco para resultados FN. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Colo do útero/patologia; Neoplasias do colo uterino/diagnostico; Reações falso-negativas ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate whether factors related to the adequacy of the sample, cell pattern and cytomorphological criteria are associated with false-negative (FN) results of cervical cytopathology during routine examinations. Methods: this is a case-control study in which the study group included 100 cytopathologic smears with FN results detected during systematic internal quality control consisting of 100% rapid review. For each FN result detected, two smears with a true-positive diagnosis were identifi ed by the same cytotechnician and these constituted the control group, making a total sample size of 300 smears. The variables were established in accordance with the criteria defi ned for the analysis of sample adequacy, cell pattern and cytomorphological analyzed criteria. The results were evaluated using bivariate analysis and logistic regression with stepwise variable selection criteria expressed in OR (95%). Results: the number of atypical cells, the appearance of nuclear chromatin, and the distribution and presentation of atypical cells in the smear were the variables that showed the greatest risk for FN results with OR of 9.6, 4.2, 4.4, and 3.6, respectively. Infl...
The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in Pap smear, hybrid capture II (HCII), and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) IntroduçãoA maioria dos casos de câncer do colo uterino pode ser prevenida por meio do rastreamento. A citologia oncológica é o principal método utilizado no diagnóstico precoce das lesões cervicais. Em locais onde a qualidade, cobertura e seguimento do rastreamento citológico são elevados, a incidência do câncer cervical foi reduzida em até 80% 1,2 .Os resultados de meta-análises sugerem que o rastreamento citológico tem grande variação de sensibilidade para detectar lesões histológi-cas 3 . Uma característica do exame citopatológi-co é que predomina o trabalho manual, desde a colheita do material até a emissão e liberação do resultado pelo laboratório. O desempenho pode, assim, estar relacionado com a qualidade dos recursos humanos envolvidos 1,4 .Métodos alternativos e tecnologicamente diferentes da citologia oncológica têm sido sugeridos para o rastreamento do câncer cervical, entre estes a inspeção visual com ácido acético (IVA) e os testes para detecção de infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) por intermédio da biologia molecular 2 . A IVA tem recebido atenção considerável como técnica alternativa para países em desenvolvimento 5,6 . A cérvice é lavada com ácido acético a 3% ou a 5% e observada a olho nu a procura de áreas aceto-brancas. Este método é simples, requer mínima infra-estrutura e poucos equipamen-
We compared the performance of the Whole, Turret and Step techniques of 100% rapid rescreening (RR) in detection of false-negatives in cervical cytology. We tested RR performance with cytologists trained and among those without training. We revised 1,000 consecutive slides from women participating in an ongoing international screening trial. Two teams of experienced cytologists performed the RR techniques: one trained in RR procedures and the other not trained. The sensitivities in the trained group were Whole 46.6%, Turret 47.4% and Step 50.9%; and in the non-trained group were 38.6, 31.6 and 47.4%, respectively. The kappa coefficient showed a weak agreement between the two groups of cytologists and between the three RR techniques. The RR techniques are more valuable if used by trained cytologists. In the trained group, we did not observe significant differences between the RR techniques used, whereas in the non-trained group, the Step technique had the best sensitivity.
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