RESUMENSe analizó la dinámica geomorfológica de la franja costera de La Araucanía mediante el método propuesto por Tricart (1985), Endlicher (1985) y la clasifi cación de Francke et al. (2004). En base a patrones morfológicos, morfométricos, morfogenéticos y de uso de suelo, las unidades geomorfológicas más representativas fueron el cordón montañoso en roca metamórfi ca y el cordón montañoso en roca metamórfi ca con intrusiones graníticas, ambas del Paleozoico, las plataformas en roca metamórfi ca y la llanura fl uviomarina representada por humedales de alto valor ecológico. La erosión hídrica muestra un estado erosivo ligero-moderado en gran parte del área de estudio, asociado principalmente a factores antrópicos como la histórica disminución y cambio de cobertura vegetal, malas prácticas agrícolas y la casi nula aplicación de prácticas de conservación de suelos.Palabras clave: Geomorfología costera, erosión hídrica, unidades geomorfológicas, morfometría, morfogénesis y paisaje cultural. ABSTRACTThis paper describes the geomorphology of the coast of La Araucania, using methods proposed by Tricart (1985) Endlicher (1985 and the classifi cation methods of Francke et al. (2004). Based on morphological, morphometric, morphogenetic and land use patterns, the most representative geomorphic units were the mountain range of metamorphic rock, cord metamorphic rock mountain with granite intrusions, both Paleozoic, the metamorphic rock platform and the fl uvial-marine plain represented by wetlands of high ecological value. Water erosion was low to moderate in much of the study area and is mainly associated with human factors, such as the historic reduction and change in vegetation cover, poor agricultural practices and almost no application of soil conservation practices.

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An analysis was made of the correspondence between species diversity and chromosome number (CN) diversity across 13 Protected Wild Areas (PWA) in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile, encompassing 84 plant species with available cytogenetic data. Our aim was to establish whether higher species diversity within a PWA entails higher CN variation as based on the index of chromosome number heterogeneity (ICNH). The CN data were extracted from databases for Chilean plants, and the ICNH for the flora of each PWA was calculated. Results showed that in nine PWA the species diversity clearly correlates with CN diversity. However, four PWA do not fit this trend. The percentage of species with CN data varied between 9.6% and 24.5% among PWA, with 11 PWA presenting percentages higher than 11%. A 27.3% of the Chilean vascular plant species with available cytogenetic data were studied here for the 13 PWA. The results obtained by studying one part of the flora with available CN data suggest that the PWA could be an important reservoir of genetic diversity at a chromosome level, thus justifying the protective role of the PWA as biodiversity conservation sites. Key words: Chromosome number heterogeneity; floristic diversity; Chilean flora.

Plants and animals are described as opposimilar organisms, inasmuch as they exhibit polarly contrasting morphogenetic processes revolving around a common principle. In effect, the basic morphogenetic logics of plants and animals respectively correspond to those of branching upon branching and invagination within invagination. Repeated morphogenesis thus allows describing both organism types through their several fractal systems and the sequential iteration of said systems. In this context, a striking morphofunctional correspondence reveals that these fractal systems perform opposimilar functions in plants and animals, including extremely precise topological distributions of polarly contrasting biochemical effectors. Due to the complexity of these opposimilarities, so far they constitute an unexplained phenomenon clearly going beyond the Darwinian paradigm. In fact, they call for a revision of the concept of homology, since there seems to be "continuity of information" (cf. Van Valen, 1982) between two natural kingdoms that are said to have diverged from unicellular common ancestors. Some fields with potential explanatory power in this respect are considered.

ResumenEl artículo explora el conocimiento indígena, que en términos contextuales está relacionado con espacios ecológicos-culturales (EE-C), donde se articula la sociedad, el medioambiente y la espiritualidad que otorgan un sentido del lugar, asociado a una identidad y pertenencia sociocultural. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de la importancia de incorporar los saberes y conocimientos educativos mapuches asociados a los espacios ecológicos-culturales, para contribuir con una base de conocimientos que permitan contextualizar la educación escolar, desde un enfoque educativo intercultural. La metodología consistió en una revisión sistemática de la literatura normativa y científica a nivel nacional e internacional para comprender y explicar el problema. Se concluye que: 1) los contenidos educativos mapuches, tienen directa relación con la mantención de los EE-C; 2) existe desconocimiento de los profesores respecto de contenidos educativos asociados a EE-C, quedando el currículum escolar circunscrito a una mirada eurocéntrica-occidental y 3) se requiere que el currículo nacional progresivamente descentralice la educación intercultural, de tal manera, que toda la población en edad escolar desarrolle competencias interculturales en relación a los EE-C.Palabras claves: contenidos educativos, conocimiento indígena, construcción de saberes, conocimiento educativo familiar, espacios ecológicos-culturales.