No abstract

Öz. Covid-19 pandemisi sadece sağlık alanında değil birçok alanda etkilerini göstermeye devam etmektedir. Bu alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Pandeminin hızlı bir şekilde yayılması sebebiyle birçok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye de eğitim sürecine uzaktan eğitim yoluyla devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Covid-19 nedeniyle ilk defa uzaktan eğitim süreciyle karşı karşıya gelen ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin bahar döneminde ne tür sorunlar yaşadıklarını ve bu sorunları çözmek için güz döneminde ne tür tedbirler aldıklarını, hangi yöntem ve teknikleri kullanmaya başladıklarını, başarılı bir ders için ne tür öğretimsel içerikler hazırladıklarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma, nitel araştırma türlerinden biri olan fenomenolojik araştırma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde devlet ve özel okullarda görev yapan 25 ortaokul matematik öğretmeniyle yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde kırsal, varoş ve kent merkezinde görev yapan öğretmenlere ulaşılarak maksimum çeşitlilik sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Katılımcı öğretmenlerin deneyimleriyle ilgili kapsamlı bilgi elde etmek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin incelenmesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretim elemanları (öğrenci, öğretmen ve matematiğe özgü), teknoloji ve dış faktör kaynaklı zorluklar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin bu zorlukların üstesinden gelebilmek için öğretici tedbirleri kapsamında teknolojiyi takip etme ve kullanma, doküman/materyal eksikliğini giderme, öğrencinin aktif katılımını sağlama, ders süresini etkin kullanma ve iletişim yollarını artırma şeklinde önlemler aldıkları görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, varoş ve kırsal bölgelerde görev yapan öğretmenler ile kent merkezinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlara bağlı olarak aldıkları tedbirlerin de farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, eğitimde fırsat eşitsizliğinin uzaktan eğitim sürecine yansıması olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flap and classic techniques in superficial parotidectomy in terms of Frey's syndrome (FS) and cosmetic satisfaction. Methods:In this study, a retrospective chart review of patients that underwent superficial parotidectomy was performed. These patients were divided into two subgroups: group 1 included patients in which the SMAS flap was harvested and group 2 comprised the remaining patients on whom classic superficial parotidectomy was performed. All the patients were evaluated clinically and with Minor's starch-iodine test for FS. For the evaluation of the cosmetic results, the patient's satisfaction was queried according to the incision scar and surgical field skin retraction/facial symmetry. Both groups were compared in terms of complications and numbness of surgical area.Results: Fifty-five patients (31 male and 24 female) with a mean age of 50.19 years were included in the study. Thirty-two patients were in group 1 and 23 in group 2. Thirteen patients (23.7%) described as having FS and six of them were in group 1, while seven were in group 2. Minor's starch-iodine test was positive in nine patients in group 1 (28.1%) and six patients in group 2 (26.1%) (p=1.000). With regard to cosmetic satisfaction, eight patients (25%) stated mild discomfort from the incision scar and two patients (6.3%) stated cosmetic dissatisfaction for facial asymmetry in group 1. In group 2 for the same factors the number of patients were 11 (47.8%) and 2 two (8.7%), respectively (p=0.027). There were no statistically significant differences in means of complication and numbness (p>0.05). Conclusion:According to our study results, there was no superiority between both the groups in terms of FS and incision scar satisfaction. We determined that there was a significant benefit of SMAS flap application in the prevention of volume loss and surgical area retraction.

Background Scorpion envenomation is a common medical emergency in many countries, including Turkey. Severe systemic symptoms occur more easily in children and mortality rates are higher. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical effects and predictive factors affecting the clinical severity of scorpion envenomations in Western Turkey. Methods Two hundred one children (138 mild cases, 34 moderate, and 29 severe) with scorpion envenomation aged between 1 month and −17 years were included in the study. The patients’ demographic and laboratory characteristics were compared among clinical severity subgroups. Results The patients’ median age was 7 (4–11) years. The median age of the severe group was significantly lower than that of the mild and moderate groups (p < 0.001). Seventeen patients (8.5%) developed myocarditis, while no pulmonary edema was observed in any case. Leukocyte, neutrophil and platelet (PLT) counts, and plateletcrit (PCT) and glucose levels increased significantly with the severity of envenomation (p < 0.001). PLT counts and PCT levels exhibited positive correlation with leukocyte and neutrophil counts (p < 0.001, r = 0.781, r = 0.638, r = 0.772, and r = 0.629, respectively). Supraventricular tachycardia developed in 1 (5.9%) patient, and dilated cardiomyopathy in another (5.9%). No mortality occurred in any case. Conclusion Increased PLT counts and PCT levels may be helpful in evaluating clinical severity in patients with scorpion sting envenomation. The possibility of myocarditis development in children should be remembered and cardiac enzymes should be checked, even if patients are asymptomatic and cardiac enzymes are normal on admission.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is becoming widespread. For this reason, in recent years factors affecting the development, progression and cognitive function of the AD have been emphasized. Nutrients and other bioactive nutrients are among the factors that are effective in AD. In particular, vitamins A, C and E, vitamins B, B and B, folate, magnesium, choline, inositol, anthocyanins, isoflavones etc. nutrients and bioactive nutrients are known to be effective in the development of AD. Nutrients and nutrient components may also have an epigenetic effect on AD. At the same time, nutrients and bioactive food components slow down the progression of the disease. For this reason, the effect of nutrients and food components on AD was examined in this review.