The purpose of the work is to determine the spectrum, quantity and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men under changes of living conditions. A survey was conducted of 14 nonresident young men, students of the 1st and 2nd courses, studying at Tver State Medical University, which included questions about the place of birth, living conditions, the presence of chronic diseases and the frequency of their exacerbations over the past year, water and food regimes, physical exertion, the presence of bad habits and emotional stress, etc. The oral fluid and feces were examined to determine the spectrum and amount of microbiota of the upper and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract. As the result of the survey, it was found that the living conditions of all young men significantly worsened among second-year students than freshmen. It was revealed that colon microbiota in sophomores characterized by less diverse than those of first-year, despite of a marked increase in the number of opportunistic pathogens (Stаphylocоccus spp., Strерtocoсcus spp., Clоstridium spp., Васillus spp., Кlebsiеlla spp.) over resident microbes. It was found the decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of all microbial representatives in the oral microbiota of 2nd year students in comparison with first-year. It was proved that the deterioration of living conditions of nonresident students led to the increase in the number of second-year students with dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiota from 86% to 100%, mainly due to the increase in the number of persons with dysbiosis of II and III degree.

The purpose of the work is to determine the species, quantitative composition and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men and having arterial hypertension, and metabolic disorders. A survey was conducted of 51 young students studying at Tver State Medical University. It was found that more than 70% of students with AH (arterial hypertension) and MBN (metabolic disorders) showed pronounced dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal microbiota of II and III degree with a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and an increase in the number and frequency of occurrence of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium spp., S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The intestinal microbiocenosis of students with AH and MS is characterized by a decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus spp. However, with MS, the prevalence (frequency) and quantity increase Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and in hypertension - Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus spp.

обзор review Резюме В представленном обзоре представлены обобщенные данные современных российских и зарубежных исследователей о связи развития у взрослых людей хронических заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной, пищеварительной систем и с метаболическими нарушениями с изменениями состава и метаболической активности микробиоты кишечника. Особое внимание уделили анализу результатов исследований людей молодого возраста (от 18 до 35 лет), также в статье в качестве эффективного сравнения приведены сведения о детях подросткового и юношеского возраста. Изученные данные представляют научный интерес с точки зрения поиска новых мишеней и схем воздействия с целью профилактики соматических заболеваний и их терапии через восстановление экосистемы желудочно-кишечного тракта.Ключевые слова: микробиота кишечника, артериальная гипертензия, ожирение, тонзиллит, ХОБЛ, гастродуоденит Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.Чepвинeц Вячecлaв Миxaйлoвич, д. м. н., пpoфeccop, зaвeдyющий кaфeдpы микpoбиoлoгии и виpycoлoгии c кypcoм иммyнoлoгии Чepвинeц Юлия Вячecлaвoвнa, д. м. н., пpoфeccop кaфeдpы микpoбиoлoгии и виpycoлoгии c кypcoм иммyнoлoгии Кpaвчyк Элинa Cepгeeвнa, accиcтeнт, acпиpaнт кaфeдpы микpoбиoлoгии и виpycoлoгии c кypcoм иммyнoлoгии

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Тверской государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Тверь 2 ФБУН Московский научноисследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им.