Objective: To review the literature that addresses the relationship between prematurity, birth weight, and development of language in Brazilian children. Sources: A systematic review of studies published between 2003 and 2012 in English and Portuguese and indexed in PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO. The following key words were used in the searches: Prematuro, Prematuridade, Linguagem, Prematurity, Language, Speech-Language Pathology. Fifty-seven articles were retrieved, 13 of which were included in the systematic review. Summary of the findings: The results showed an association between prematurity, low birth weight, and language development. In studies that made comparisons between preterm and term infants, there was evidence that preterm infants had poorer performance on indicators of language. It was also observed that children born with lower birth weight had a poorer performance on measures of language when compared to children with higher weight and closer to 37 weeks of gestational age. Regarding the type of language assessed, expression proved to be more impaired than reception. Higher parental education and family income were indicated as protective factors for the development of language. Conversely, lower birth weight and higher degree of prematurity emerged as risk factors. Conclusions: Preterm birth and low birth weight poses risks for the language development of children, especially in the first years of life. Therefore, it is essential that pediatricians are aware of the language development of these children to ensure proper treatment. ଝ Como citar este artigo: Zerbeto AB, Cortelo FM, Filho EB. Association between gestational age and birth weight on the language development of Brazilian children: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:326---32.

Preterm birth and low birth weight poses risks for the language development of children, especially in the first years of life. Therefore, it is essential that pediatricians are aware of the language development of these children to ensure proper treatment.

SUMMARY Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis has greater sensitivity and specificity than culture and visualization of the parasite. This study compares PCR for the diagnosis of the genus and species of Leishmania with serological techniques used for the control of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Brazil, considering two regions. We analysed peripheral blood samples collected from 195 dogs in the Campinas (SP) and Teresina (PI) regions. ELISA was performed as a serological method and PCR was performed using specific primers for the genus Leishmania spp. and the species Leishmania chagasi. In Campinas, a greater sensitivity of PCR (88.24%) (P = 0.0455) compared to Teresina (14.71%) (P < 0.0001) was observed, and an agreement was observed for Cohen's kappa index (0.9096). Both PCR and ELISA showed discordance for sensitivity (Campinas 100%, Teresina 21.74%), specificity (Campinas 30.77%, Teresina 100%), positive predictive value (Campinas 68.97%, Teresina 100%), negative predictive value (Campinas 100%, Teresina 37.94%) and Cohen's kappa index (0.1238). This study confirms the importance of PCR in analysis of the canine reservoir, and as an effective method for the detection of active and recent infection.

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. Campinas, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil. Recebido em: 17/07/2017 / Aceito em: 30/11/2017 / Disponível online: 06/02/2018 Justificación y objetivos: La identificación de Ochrobactrum anthropi es un desafío. De esa forma, realizamos numerosos métodos de identificación en muestras de O. anthropic y asociamos los resultados obtenidos entre los métodos aplicados. Métodos: Se realizaron los siguientes métodos: fenotípico manual, Vitek ® 2, Phoenix™, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, MALDI-TOF Vitek MS™ y BioTyper™.Resultados: Las pruebas bioquímicas mostraron limitaciones para identificar la O. anthropic. Vitek ® 2 fue el único método que mostró el mismo resultado observado en reacción en cadena de la polimerasa específica para el O. anthropic en todas las muestras, seguido de Phoenix™. MALDI-MS™ fracasó en la definición a nivel de especie, y MALDI-BD™ presentó alta diversidad en la identificación, mostrando ser una prueba de baja especificidad. Conclusiones: Cada método mostró ventajas y desventajas en la identificación del O. anthropic.