Evaluation of PCR in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in two different epidemiological regions: Campinas (SP) and Teresina (PI), Brazil

Costa, Lícia; Borba, Amaríles S.; Castagna, C.; Filho, Élio Barreto Carvalho; Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima; Sa, Fedorova; Angerami, Rodrigo Nogueira; Levy, Carlos Emílio

doi:10.1017/s0950268814001721

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The low accuracy found in serological tests (DPP and ELISA) confirms the necessity of better confirmatory laboratory methods, mainly due to the low parasite load and low levels of anti- Leishmania antibody in asymptomatic dogs. Therefore, when the clinical and serological tests are negative, real-time PCR can be used as an alternative [14, 15, 34, 35]. In the agreement, Grimaldi et al [12] found that the DPP ® rapid test for CVL presented high sensitivity (98%) to identify symptomatic dogs and low sensitivity (47%) to asymptomatic dogs in areas free of VL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy is hardly accepted by the owners of the animals and the studies are controversial in relation to its effectiveness. Therefore, the diagnosis of CVL must be highly accurate, avoiding unnecessary euthanasia [14, 15]. Although a variety of tests including serological, parasitological and molecular methods are available, the diagnosis of CVL is still unsatisfactory [14–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that in some countries, such as Brazil, the false positive result can lead an uninfected dog to death, and false negative results may cause the maintenance of infected dogs in the population, diagnostic tests must be highly accurate. In the absence of a suitable protocol, a combination of different methods could be a rational way to obtain a more reliable diagnosis [14, 15, 20]. In this regarding, the Leishmania DNA detection using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR has been described as an excellent strategy for a more accurate diagnosis of CVL [15, 21–23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although serological assays have been widely used for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), they present different performances depending on the clinical profile of the dogs. This study evaluated the accuracy of serological tests, immunochromatographic (Dual Path Platform: DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA EIE®), for CVL in relation to the detection of Leishmania DNA through real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs from a non-endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Serum from 140 dogs (39 symptomatic and 101 asymptomatic) was tested by DPP and ELISA followed by real-time PCR. From a total of 140 samples evaluated, Leishmania DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 41.4% (58/140). Moreover, 67.2% of samples positive in real-time PCR were positive in both DPP and ELISA (39/58), showing moderate agreement between methods. In the symptomatic group, one sample non-reactive in both serological assays was positive in real-time PCR, whereas in the asymptomatic group, 17.8% non-reactive or undetermined samples in serological assays were positive in the molecular method. Leishmania DNA was not detected in 17.9% reactive samples by serological assays from the symptomatic group, and in 3.9% from asymptomatic dogs. Real-time PCR demonstrated greater homogeneity between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups compared with DPP and ELISA. The molecular method can help to establish the correct CVL diagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic dogs, avoiding undesirable euthanasia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in experimental rodent model (McCulloch et al, 2009) and Leishmania spp. in dogs (Costa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Trypanosoma spp. diversity of wild mammals by the use of DNA from blood clots

Rodrigues

Lima

Xavier

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosoma spp. infection in wild mammals is detected mainly through parasitological tests that usually display low sensitivity. We propose the use of DNA extracted directly from blood clots (BC), which are neglected sources of DNA for diagnosis and identification of Trypanosoma spp. This approach followed by nested PCR targeting the 18S SSU rDNA demonstrated to be sensitive and suitable to evaluate the diversity of trypanosomes infecting sylvatic mammals, including subpatent and mixed infections. Infection was detected in 95/120 (79.2%) samples from bats, carnivores and marsupials that included negative serological and hemoculture testing mammals. Thirteen Trypanosoma spp. or Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) were identified, including two new MOTUs. The high diversity of trypanosomes species and MOTUs infecting bats and marsupials showed that these hosts can be considered as bio-accumulators of Trypanosoma spp., with specimens of Didelphis spp. displaying the highest trypanosome diversity. The use of blood clots allowed direct access to non-culturable parasites, mixed infections, besides bypassing the selective pressure on the parasites inherent to cultivation procedures. Trypanosoma cruzi was the species found infecting the highest number of individuals, followed by T. lainsoni. Positive PCR for T. cruzi was observed in 16 seronegative individuals and 30 individuals with negative hemocultures. Also, T. lainsoni , previously found only in rodents, showed to be capable of infecting bats and marsupials. This finding makes it clear that some species of Trypanosoma are more generalist than previously thought. Molecular diagnosis using nested PCR from DNA extracted from BC allowed the increase of the knowledge about host-spectrum and distribution of Trypanosoma spp. and allowed the identification of new MOTUs.

show abstract

“…PCR has been performed for the diagnosis of CVL, with its potential for parasite detection showing high levels of sensitivity and specificity 27 , and no signifi cant difference has been reported for samples obtained from canine peripheral blood, bone marrow, and skin fragments 28 . The presence of CVL-positive dogs in Mossoró should concern local authorities because dogs are the primary domestic reservoir for human disease in urban areas 29 .…”

Section: Factors Associated With the Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of visceral leishmaniasis and its relationship to canine infection in riverside endemic areas in Northeastern Brazil

Costa

Ámora

Couto

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: An awareness of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is necessary to encourage the population to participate in preve ntion and control in collaboration with more effi cient, centrally organized health programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of the riverside population regarding VL and the association between awareness and the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Methods: In total, 71 people living in riverside areas in the City of Mossoró in State of Rio Grande do Norte participated of the study, and 71 dogs were tested for CVL by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Association analysis of several variables related to knowledge of the riverside population regarding CVL positivity was performed, yielding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confi dence intervals (CI), and signifi cance was determined using chi-square (χ2) and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Among individuals whose dogs tested positive for CVL, 60% did not know the cure for CVL, and these subjects were three times more likely to have a dog test positive for CVL than those who were aware the cure for CVL. Knowledge of CVL cure was the only variable that remained in the logistic model after the successive removal of variables, with an adjusted OR of 3.11 (95%CI: 1.1-8,799; p=0.032). Conclusions: Insuffi cient awareness regarding VL in riverside areas with CVL-positive dogs was associated with increased rates of canine infection, which suggests that changes in habits and the adoption of attitudes and preventive practices may contribute to the control and prevention of this disease. This study reinforces the need to invest in better health education programs regarding VL.

show abstract

Evaluation of PCR in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in two different epidemiological regions: Campinas (SP) and Teresina (PI), Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

Uncovering Trypanosoma spp. diversity of wild mammals by the use of DNA from blood clots

Awareness of visceral leishmaniasis and its relationship to canine infection in riverside endemic areas in Northeastern Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About