Background/Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. In the case of severe arteriosclerotic damage, surgical treatment is necessary. Although the use of autologous vessels is still considered to be the gold standard, sufficient autologous vessels for transplantation are lacking. Materials and Methods: In the present study, histological examination and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis according to DIN EN ISO 10993-5 were performed on a newly developed porcine vascular graft from a decellularized aorta. A conventional bovine graft was used as control. Results: The ex vivohistological analysis revealed the effectiveness of a new purification process on the microstructure and the removal of xenogeneic antigen-bearing structures in the new vessels. Furthermore, cell viability and cytotoxicity assays revealed full cytocompatibility. Conclusion: The novel graft shows no structural damage and gets completely decellularized by the purification process. Superior cytocompatibility, compared with the bovine-derived vascular graft, was demonstrated.Cardiovascular diseases like cerebral, coronary and peripheral artery diseases are one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in industrialized nations (1, 2). The luminal narrowing of the vessels and the resulting insufficient supply of the downstream organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients, as well as the potential complete vascular occlusion or spontaneous vascular rupture, are preceded by frequent arteriosclerotic changes in the vessels (3,4). The presence of a manifest cardiovascular disease can dramatically increase, e.g., both the risk of the emergence of a heart attack and a stroke (5). Depending on the exact location and extent of the occlusion, various therapy options are possible. In addition to conventional drug therapy, various surgical methods are common, especially for high-grade occlusions. This includes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or, for the coronary vessels, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as thrombo-endarterectomy (TAE) with and without additional repair patch, but also direct vascular replacement by inserting an interposal or bypass surgery (6, 7).Restoring blood flow through the installation of a bypass system is often the preferred method, particularly in the case of long occlusions. There are various options available to the surgeon when choosing the bypass material. In addition to autologous transplants from the patient´s own vessels, this also includes homografts, processed xenografts, completely synthetic and biohybrid grafts. Autologous grafts are still considered the gold standard for interventional vascular replacement today, as they allow for the best clinical outcomes (8, 9). Depending on the location of the vascular stenosis, age, general health and comorbidities of the patient, different vessels can be used. In addition to the great saphenous vein and the saphenous vein, the internal thoracic artery as well as the ulnar art...