Microbial consortia obtained from soil samples of gasoline-polluted sites were individually enriched with pentane, hexane, isooctane and toluene. Cometabolism with methyl tert-butyl ether, (MTBE), gave maximum degradation rates of 49, 12, 32 and 0 mg g(-1)protein h(-1), respectively. MTBE was fully degraded even when pentane was completely depleted with a cometabolic coefficient of 1 mgMTBE mg(-1)pentane. The analysis of 16S rDNA from isolated microorganisms in the pentane-adapted consortia showed that microorganisms could be assigned to Pseudomonas. This is the first work reporting the cometabolic mineralization of MTBE by consortium of this genus.

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revisan las leyes y políticas migratorias emitidas en los Estados seleccionados, durante cuatro etapas de la historia de la migración internacional moderna. Segundo, se analiza su papel en la construcción y perpetuación de la migración irregular en estos Estados, toda vez que a lo largo del tiempo han probado ser defectuosas. Se concluye, por un lado, que estas leyes y políticas fallan en producir los resultados deseados porque han resultado en el aumento y consolidación de la migración irregular, lo cual es radicalmente opuesto a sus objetivos de control y reducción, y, por otro lado, que cierta migración irregular puede disminuirse si se subsanan las insuficiencias de las leyes y políticas nacionales de control de la migración.

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This paper aims to argue that the United States has instrumentalized the right to asylum by converting Mexico into a “third ‘safe’ country” to divert Central American asylum seekers to Mexican territory and evade its international protection obligations. The methodological design is deductive, that is, such theorization was reached through documentary sources. Even with the limitations of the method, the paper is innovative because it analyzes migration management from critical legal studies and legal biopolitics by approaching securitization of migration through a genealogy of the discourses used by the United States to externalize its borders to Mexico, which have as their most recent strategy the “third ‘safe’ country” agreement. The consequences are the distortion of the right to asylum by removing its main protection: the non-refoulement principle and, in consequence, to let die Central American people fleeing from persecution and death geographies.