Implants with a roughened neck surface and microthreads are more resistant to MBL during the first phases of healing, as compared with implants with a polished neck.

Useful in a variety of oral surgery procedures, piezosurgery has therapeutic features that include a micrometric cut (precise and secure action to limit tissue damage, especially to osteocytes), a selective cut (affecting mineralized tissues, but not surrounding soft tissues), and a clear surgical site (the result of the cavitation effect created by an irrigation/cooling solution and oscillating tip). Because the instrument's tip vibrates at different ultrasonic frequencies, since hard and soft tissues are cut at different frequencies, a "selective cut" enables the clinician to cut hard tissues while sparing fine anatomical structures (e.g., schneiderian membrane, nerve tissue). An oscillating tip drives the cooling-irrigation fluid, making it possible to obtain effective cooling as well as higher visibility (via cavitation effect) compared to conventional surgical instruments (rotating burs and oscillating saws), even in deep spaces. As a result, implantology surgical techniques such as bone harvesting (chips and blocks), crestal bone splitting, and sinus floor elevation can be performed with greater ease and safety.

The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.

: The data reviewed from the literature suggests a higher implant survival predictability as available residual bone increases. However, prospective studies with adequate sample size and control of confounding factors are needed to validate this observation.

Dental development is relatively independent from other systems maturation. Recent studies have reported changes in the timing of tooth development for contemporary children comparing to children that lived more than 30 years ago (secular trend). Detectable variations in the tempo of tooth mineralization and duration of tooth maturation between children from different geographical regions were reported. Dental age is important not only for dental specialists, but also for pediatricians (in the evaluation of growth and development of healthy children, in pediatric endocrinology, in children with different diseases or syndromes) and forensic doctors (in order to estimate the age or to identify the child). The aim of our study was to investigate the regional characteristics of dental maturation in actual Romanian children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on a final sample of 441 radiographs of patients aged between 5.5 and 14.5 years (218 girls and 223 boys). The dental panoramic radiographs were scored by two examiners and intra-and inter-examiner calibration was made. We used a dedicated software for easy scoring, automatic dental age determination and as a database. On average, the Romanian girls showed an overestimation of 0.36 years, meaning 132 days, p=0.129, α = 0.05 and boys an underestimation of 0.04 years, meaning 15 days, p = 0.852, α = 0.05. New tables were developed in order to convert dental maturity calculated according to Demirjian method into dental age of contemporary Romanian children.