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As an example of how scientific societies dealt with the Nazi-past of some of their members, an overview is given on how the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (WPV) resumed its work in the years after 1945. The Society was diminished to a handful of members, the general acceptance of psychoanalysis was poor and the psychoanalytic society's policy towards former Nazi party members mirrors the general Austrian policy towards its Nazi-past. Several outreach activities were initiated after 1946. The ambivalent reception of psychoanalysis in postwar Austria and the general brain-drain made a hard beginning for the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society after liberation. The identity of the Viennese psychoanalysts after the war was formed by Austrian and personal history.