Customer knowledge is a valuable asset, and gathering, managing, and sharing customerknowledge can be a useful competitive activity for organizations. Successful knowledgepartnerships with essential and valuable customers can strengthen business performance andcreate an absolute competitive advantage that is difficult for competitors to emulate. Inconsumer knowledge management, companies often experience significant obstacles orconstraints so that sometimes many companies prevent them from managing consumerknowledge. The company or organization depends on consumers who do not need tounderstand the industrial field of the company or organization. This paper discusses thecomparison of the application of customer knowledge management in various industries.Research findings that all organizations must apply the three essential components ofcustomer-related knowledge within the underlying conceptual framework. Three basiccomponents of customer-related knowledge within a basic conceptual framework: knowledgefor customers, knowledge of customers, and customer knowledge, cannot be eliminated. Thisproves that the compatibility with previous studies. In fact, to succeed, they must be applied sothat it is of value to the company. Implementation of the framework can present a greatopportunity for the organization or company to make new products so that this will improvethe performance of the company or organization and maintain the continuity of the companyor organization.

<p class="Default"><em>Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network</em> (VANET) merupakan pengembangan jaringan <em>wiresless</em> yang melakukan komunikasi secara <em>Inter Vehicle Communication</em> (IVC). VANET memiliki mobilitas yang tinggi untuk setiap <em>node</em> nya sehingga jaringan komunikasi jenis ini adalah jaringan yang bersifat sementara dikarenakan <em>node</em> bergerak di lintasan dengan arah dan kecepatan yang dinamis. Dengan demikian, pengiriman paket data dari <em>node</em> sumber ke <em>node</em> tujuan menggunakan VANET memerlukan beberapa teknik komunikasi. Teknik terbaru komunikasi VANET saat ini adalah menggunakan SDN (<em>Software Defined Network</em>) yang berbasis <em>geographic</em> (SDGR) sebagai <em>control</em> <em>plane</em> dalam mengontrol komunikasi <em>ad</em>-<em>hoc</em> antar <em>node</em>. Dalam membentuk topologi jaringan komunikasi, SDGR mencari nilai jalur terpendek antar <em>node</em> dan kepadatan <em>node</em> yang tinggi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini melakukan analisis konsep protokol perutean (<em>routing protocol)</em> SDGR dan dilakukan pengembangannya dengan mempertimbangkan arah rute (SDGR+R). Pada SDGR+R, penambahan basis arah rute menggunakan <em>m</em><em>ulticast</em>. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perbandingan kinerja antara SDGR dan SDGR+R. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan SDGR+R memiliki kinerja lebih baik daripada SDGR dalam hal <em>latency</em> sebesar 1.88% dan <em>packet</em> <em>delivery</em> <em>ratio </em>(PDR) sebesar 8.12%. Perancangan protokol perutean SDGR+R menambah ide pengembangan teknologi pada VANET untuk masa mendatang.</p><p class="Default"> <em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network developed for communication on Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC). Each node in a VANET has high mobility so that this type of communication network is a temporary network because the node moves on the track with dynamic direction and speed. Thus, sending data packets from source node to destination node using VANET requires some communication techniques. The latest technology for VANET communication is to use SDN-based geographic-based SDN (SDGR) as a control plane in controlling Ad-hoc communication between nodes. In</em><em> </em><em>forming the communication network topology, SDGR looks for the shortest path value between nodes and high node density. The main objective of this research is to analyze the concept of SDGR routing protocol and to develop it, considering the direction of the route (SDGR+R). In SDGR + R, the addition of route base directions uses multicast. Next, </em><em>we compare</em><em> the performance between SDGR and SDGR+R.</em><em> Simulation results show SDGR+R has better performance than SDGR in terms of latency </em><em>of 1.88% </em><em>and packet delivery ratio</em><em> of 8.12%</em><em>.</em><em> The design of the SDGR+R routing protocol gives to the idea of technology development on VANET in the future.</em></p><p class="Default"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

Keamanan Internet adalah istilah menyeluruh untuk masalah yang sangat luas yang meliputi keamanan untuk transaksi yang dilakukan melalui Internet. Secara umum, keamanan Internet meliputi keamanan browser, keamanan data yang dimasukkan melalui formulir Web, dan otentikasi dan perlindungan data secara keseluruhan yang dikirim melalui Protokol Internet. Pada infrastruktur internet yang menjamin keamanan adalah TCP/IP, Interdomain Routing dan DNS.