Gymnastics is one of the original Olympic sports, subjectively judged by humans. Judgingerrors and bias can occur, resulting in medals being incorrectly awarded. The InternationalGymnastics Federation (FIG) with Fujitsu are introducing a computerised gymnasticsjudging support system (CGJSS), a technology aimed to enhance fairness and accuracy butthere is very little literature evaluating this technology and perceptions. This project aimed toexplore stakeholders’ reactions at this critical time. Therefore, interviews were conductedwith coaches, judges, media, former and current international gymnasts. The findingsconcurred with the literature review of judging problems with the current system, includingbias and subjectivity. New findings show, among other things, that gymnasts’ scores candiffer depending on which round they compete in. The findings also suggest that the CGJSSwould be a great innovation for gymnastics to improve credibility by removing bias andhelping to make the sport more objective. However, the majority of the participants believed itcould not judge the artistry element of the sport. Close monitoring of the effectiveness of theCGJSS is therefore required to identify enhancement and to ensure the investment producesfairer, more reliable and credible results. Successful implementation of the CGJSS could alsoallow it to be introduced into other subjectively judged sports.
Background: Specimen radiography is important for the biopsy of breast microcalcifications, and MRI is limited in the detection of microcalcifications. It is unknown whether or not the presence of microcalcifications on MRI-guided biopsies is significant. Purpose: To determine whether specimen radiography of MRI-guided biopsy samples provides any added benefits in tissue assessment. Materials and Methods: This is an IRB-approved, HIPPA-compliant retrospective review of MRI-guided biopsy reports whose tissue underwent specimen radiography from 2010 to 2017. Pathology reports were queried to compare samples with and without calcium and reviewed to determine if calcifications correlated with the lesion of interest. If there was a correlation, the original MRI was reviewed. Final pathology reports were also reviewed if excision was performed. Results: A total of 889 patients ages 22 -85 were included with 140 (15.7%, 140/889) containing calcifications. Of 140 specimens, 119 (85.0%, 119/140) cases separated the calcifications. A total of 41 (34.5%, 41/119) were malignant or high-risk lesions/atypia of which 15 (36.6%, 15/41) showed a higher-grade lesion in the specimen containing calcium. Out of these 15, 4 (26.7%, 4/15) were pathologically associated with calcium; however, pathologic diagnosis was not dependent on the presence of calcifications. All 4 were high-risk lesions and none were malignancies. MRI in these cases showed three enhancing masses and one non-mass enhancement. None were upgraded at excision. Conclusion: The presence of microcalcifications on MRI-guided biopsies does not aid in tissue assessment and does not impact pathologic diagnosis. Specimen radiography provides no added benefits in the setting of MRI-guided biopsies.
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