Background: People at the end of life experience increased dependence with self-care as disease progresses, including care with intimate hygiene. Dependence with intimate hygiene has been identified as a factor that may compromise dignity at the end of life. However, adaption to increased dependency and subsequent impact on dignity with intimate hygiene is an under-researched area. Aim: This study sought to understand how people at the end of life experience dignity with intimate hygiene when function declines and how people adapt to increased dependence with intimate hygiene needs. Design: A qualitative design was employed using a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective which privileges participant perspectives. Findings were mapped against occupational therapy and dignity literature. Setting/participants: Participants were people with advanced disease receiving inpatient or community palliative care. Results: Eighteen interviews were conducted with people about their experiences and perspectives of dignity with intimate hygiene. The following themes were constructed from the data: (1) There’s a way of doing and a way of asking, (2) Putting each other at ease, (3) It’s just how it is, (4) Regaining and retaining control. How people adjust to dependence with intimate hygiene is individually mediated. Patterns of occupational adaptation to increased dependence with intimate hygiene and practical implications for care are discussed. Conclusion: Adaptation to increased dependence with intimate hygiene is facilitated by enabling moments of micro-competence and agency over how care is received. Carers play a pivotal role in compromising or conserving the dignity with intimate hygiene at the end of life.

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While reviewing the history, procedures and effects of the British parole system, in its political and penal policy contexts, the author examines the doctrine of correctionalism and the conflicting prin ciples of the 'justice model'. She discusses the effects of the under mining of correctionalism, points to developments in other countries, and suggests that 'the present compromise of policies gives little satisfaction, and the time appears ripe to reconsider the questions of justice and the limits of penal policy.

Book reviewed in this article: Organisation and Bureaucracy: An Analysis of Modern Theories by Nicos Mouzelis. Beyond Marx and Tito: Theory and Practice in Yugoslav Socialism by Sharon Zukin. Rehabilitation and Deviance by Philip Bean. Durkheim on Religion: A Selection of Readings with Bibliographies and Introductory Remarks by W. S. F. Pickering (ed). Agrarian Co‐operatives in Peru: A Sodo‐Econormc Survey by Peter Buchkr. Varieties of Residential Experience fay J. Tizard, I. Sinclair and R. V. G. Clarke (eds.) Authority and Organization in the Secondary School by Elizabeth Richardson. Education and Social Control: A Stitdy in Progressive Primary Education by R. Sharp and A. Green. Ideology and Social Welfare by Vic George and Paul Wilding. Paradigms and Fairy Tales: An Introduction to the Science of Meanings, Vols. I and 11 by Julience Ford. Methods of Social Study by Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Reprinted with an introduction by T. H. Marshall Who Rules The Universities? An Essay in Class Amdysis by David N. Smith. Slamming the Door by Robert Moore and Tina Wallace. The Female Offender by Annette M. Brodsky (ed.) The Sociology of the Third World: Disparity and Involvement by J. E. Goldthorpe. The Foreman: Aspects of Task and Structure by David Dunkerley. Madness and Morals: Ideas on Insanity in the Nineteenth Century by Vieda Skultans. Dilemmas of Discourse: Controversies about the Sociological Inter‐pretation of Language by Anthony Wootton. Whatever happened to equality by Iohn Vaizey (ed.) The Drama of Social Reality by Stanford M. Lytnan and Marvin B. Scott. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism by Daniel Bell. Social Psychology for Sociologists by David Field (ed.) The Highest Education: A Study of Graduate Education in Britain by Ernest Rudd. Religious Movements in Contemporary America by Irving I. Zaietsky and Mark P. Leone (eds.) Socialisation to Old Age by Irving Rosow.

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