Mukormikosis rino-orbito-serebral (ROS) adalah penyakit angioinvasif akibat infeksi jamur Mucorales yang sering ditemukan pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM). Penyakit ini memiliki gambaran khas jaringan nekrotik kehitaman disebut eschar, sehingga disebut juga infeksi “jamur hitam”. Tingkat mortalitas penyakit ini tinggi terutama jika diagnosis dan tata laksana terlambat. Patogenesis mukormikosis ROS pada pasien DM antara lain: interaksi reseptor sel epitel dengan protein jamur, kadar besi bebas dalam darah, dan penurunan imunitas seluler. Diagnosis berdasarkan gambaran klinis dengan faktor risiko, identifikasi jamur, dan pencitraan. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dari jaringan biopsi dapat dikonfirmasi dengan hasil kultur. Tata laksana mukormikosis ROS pada penderita DM meliputi kombinasi debridemen, pemberian antijamur, dan mengatasi kondisi hiperglikemia. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an angioinvasive disease caused by Mucorales fungal infection; it is common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The disease has a characteristic feature of black necrotic appearance called eschar, thus also called as “black fungus” infection. The mortality rate of this disease is high, especially in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of ROCM in diabetic patients includes the interaction of epithelial cell receptors with fungal proteins, free iron blood levels, and decreased cellular immunity. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, supporting risk factors, fungus identification, and imaging. Histopathological examination on biopsy tissue confirmed by culture can establish the diagnosis. Management includes a combination of surgical debridement, antifungals, and glycemia control.

Background: Existing air quality is decreasing, as evidenced by the increase in air pollution. Air pollution does not only affect the respiratory system, but also affecting the nervous system, and furthermore causing impaired cognitive function that can be predicted through the image of the hippocampus. Objective: This study wanted to determine the significance of the relationship between PM2.5 (Particulate Matter) pollutant exposure and hippocampal volume in adults. Method: This research is a PRISMA 2020 based systematic study using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Proquest as databases. Research inclusion criteria were studies with subjects over 19 years old, using MRI techniques, published in English, having sufficient data for extraction. Result: There are 5 studies from 2015 to 2020 which stated that there was no statistically significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant exposure and hippocampal volume (n = 5) (P-value > 0.05, 0.71, 0.8, 0.32), and the study obtained significant results (n = 1) (P-value < 0.005). Discussion: Although the results of the study did not prove a significant difference in hippocampal volume, several recent theories regarding hippocampal neurogenesis in adults are able to support these results. Conclusion: From this study, it was not proven that there was a significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant exposure and hippocampal volume.

<p>Mukormikosis rino-orbito-serebral (ROS) adalah penyakit angioinvasif akibat infeksi jamur Mucorales yang sering ditemukan pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM). Penyakit ini memiliki gambaran khas jaringan nekrotik kehitaman disebut eschar, sehingga disebut juga infeksi “jamur hitam”. Tingkat mortalitas penyakit ini tinggi terutama jika diagnosis dan tata laksana terlambat. Patogenesis mukormikosis ROS pada pasien DM antara lain: interaksi reseptor sel epitel dengan protein jamur, kadar besi bebas dalam darah, dan penurunan imunitas seluler. Diagnosis berdasarkan gambaran klinis dengan faktor risiko, identifikasi jamur, dan pencitraan. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dari jaringan biopsi dapat dikonfirmasi dengan hasil kultur. Tata laksana mukormikosis ROS pada penderita DM meliputi kombinasi debridemen, pemberian antijamur, dan mengatasi kondisi hiperglikemia.</p><p> </p><p>Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an angioinvasive disease caused by Mucorales fungal infection; it is common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The disease has a characteristic feature of black necrotic appearance called eschar, thus also called as “black fungus” infection.<br />The mortality rate of this disease is high, especially in delayed diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of ROCM in diabetic patients includes the interaction of epithelial cell receptors with fungal proteins, free iron blood levels, and decreased cellular immunity. Diagnosis is based on<br />clinical features, supporting risk factors, fungus identification, and imaging. Histopathological examination on biopsy tissue confirmed by culture can establish the diagnosis. Management includes a combination of surgical debridement, antifungals, and glycemia control.</p>

<p>Mukormikosis rino-orbito-serebral (ROS) adalah penyakit angioinvasif akibat infeksi jamur Mucorales yang sering ditemukan pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM). Penyakit ini memiliki gambaran khas jaringan nekrotik kehitaman disebut eschar, sehingga disebut juga infeksi “jamur hitam”.<br />Tingkat mortalitas penyakit ini tinggi terutama jika diagnosis dan tata laksana terlambat. Patogenesis mukormikosis ROS pada pasien DM antara lain: interaksi reseptor sel epitel dengan protein jamur, kadar besi bebas dalam darah, dan penurunan imunitas seluler. Diagnosis berdasarkan gambaran klinis dengan faktor risiko, identifikasi jamur, dan pencitraan. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dari jaringan biopsi dapat dikonfirmasi dengan hasil kultur. Tata laksana mukormikosis ROS pada penderita DM meliputi kombinasi debridemen, pemberian antijamur, dan mengatasi kondisi hiperglikemia.</p>