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The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Test-Second Edition (ADHDT-2) is published through Pro-Ed in Austin, Texas. It was formally published in 2014, following critical revisions of the ADHDT, the reportedly popular initial version of this test that was published in 1995. The ADHDT-2 purports to act as a screener for individuals exhibiting patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, symptoms commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, the ease and simplicity associated with this test target use in the school environment, targeting individuals 5 to 17 years of age. The ADHDT-2 is a rating scale to be completed by an individual who has observed the child for a substantial amount of time. The test manual suggests a classroom teacher, parent, or other caregiver who has frequent interaction with the child for at least 2 weeks. Selecting the most competent individual, specifically in regard to familiarity with the child, to complete the rating scale will likely provide the most valid results. Five primary purposes are elaborated upon as identification, assessment of severity of symptoms, assistance with the Individualized Education Program (IEP) for the student, documentation, and research. The ADHDT-2 was constructed for individual administration, though several rating scales may be requested from different individuals to gain more reliable and valid reporting of potential ADHD-like behaviors.In total, the ADHDT-2 is a brief rating scale consisting of 33 Likert-type scale statements to which the rater must describe the child. The scale ranges from 0 to 3. A score of "0" means never observed, a score of "1" means occasionally observed, a score of "2" means often observed, and a score of "3" means very often observed. Further direction is provided for the rater, defining each score as the frequency a behavior is exhibited within a 6-hr period. "Occasionally observed" is when a behavior occurs 1 to 2 times per 6-hr period, "often observed" is when a behavior occurs 3 to 4 times per 6-hr period, and "very often observed" is when a behavior occurs at least 5 to 6 times per 6-hr period. The Summary/Response Forms are divided into two primary sections: Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. The Inattention subscale is composed of 14 Likert-type scale statements, and the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale is composed of 19 Likert-type scale statements, for a total of 33 statements. The subscales represent the primary behavioral factors commonly associated with ADHD, per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). From each subscale, the scores are added to obtain an inattention raw score and a hyperactivity/impulsivity raw score. Age and gender norms are presented for conversion of raw scores of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity to percentile ranks and scaled scores. Age norms are divided into a 5 to 7 year age range and an 8 to 17 year age range. Gender norms are provided to...

T he neurofibromatoses (NFs) are classified as neurocutaneous disorders due to the genetically transmitted presentation of hyperpigmentation of the skin (Crawford & Schorry, 2006; Hersh & Committee on Genetics, 2008; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2022). As with other neurocutaneous disorders, NFs involve both the nervous system and function as well as the skin, with associated symptoms emerging over the individual's lifetime as the disorder manifests. Scientists have categorized the disorder as neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1 or von Recklinghausen), neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (NINDS, 2022;Ullrich, 2016). Only NF1 and NF2 present during the developmental period.