Productive chain and social capital: the case of fi sh farmers of Cauca, ColombiaCadeia produtiva e capital social: o caso dos piscicultores de Cauca, Colômbia Resúmen: Este texto analiza la adopción del enfoque de cadena productiva en la piscicultura del Cauca, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo apoyado en la investigación acción y en entrevistas abiertas. El análisis retoma los conceptos de cadena productiva y capital social. El análisis confi rmó el fortalecimiento de redes relacionales como requisito fundamental para generar capacidades empresariales y tecnológicas en la piscicultura caucana. Palabras clave: Capital social. Cadena productiva. Piscicultura-Cauca-Colombia. Resumo:Neste trabalho se analisa a tentativa de adoção do enfoque de cadeia produtiva na piscicultura de Cauca, Colômbia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo voltado para a pesquisa-ação e entrevistas abertas. Na análise retomam-se os conceitos de cadeia produtiva e capital social. Os resultados evidenciam que o fortalecimento das redes relacionais entre os agentes constituíram uma etapa fundamental para gerar capacidades empresariais e tecnológicas na atividade piscícola dessa região. Palavras-chave: Capital social. Cadeia produtiva. Piscicultura-Cauca-Colômbia.Abstract: This paper analyzes the adoption of the approach used on the aquaculture production chain in Cauca, Colombia. It is about a qualitative study supported in participatory action research and open interviews. The analysis retakes the concepts of supply chain and social capital. The results confi rmed that the strengthening of networks of relationships as a fundamental requisite to generate entrepreneurial and technological capabilities on Cauca's aquaculture.

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Background: Recent reports have recognized that only 20 percent of health outcomes are attributed to clinical care. Environmental conditions, behaviors, and social determinants of health account for 80 percent of overall health outcomes. With shortages of clinical providers stressing an already burdened healthcare system, Community Health Workers (CHWs) can bridge healthcare gaps by addressing these nonmedical factors influencing health. This paper details how a comprehensive training model equips CHWs for workforce readiness so they can perform at the top of their practice and profession and deliver well-coordinated client/patient-centered care.Methods: Literature reviews and studies revealed that training CHWs alone is not sufficient for successful workforce readiness, rather CHW integration within the workforce is needed. Consequently, this comprehensive training model is developed for CHWs with varying skill levels and work settings, and supervisors to support organizational readiness and CHW integration efforts. A systematic training program development approach along with detailed implementation methods are presented. Continuing education sessions to support CHW practice and Organizational Readiness Training for supervisors, leadership and team members directly engaged with CHWs in the workplace are also discussed. CHWs were involved in all phases of the research, development, implementation, and actively serve in evaluations and curriculum review committees.Results: Components of the comprehensive training model are presented with an emphasis on the core CHW training. Two CHW training tracks are offered using three delivery modalities. Process measures with student learning objectives, outcome measures developed using the Kirkpatrick model to capture attitude, perceptions, knowledge acquisition, confidence, behavior, and overall experience, and impact stories by two CHWs are presented. Lessons learned from the implementation of the training program are discussed in three categories: Practice-driven curricula, student-centered training implementation, and adaptations in response to COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: This comprehensive training model recognizes that training CHWs in a robust training program is key as the demand for well-rounded CHWs increases. Furthermore, a comprehensive training program must include training for supervisors, leadership, and team members working directly with CHWs. Such efforts strengthen the CHW practice and profession to support the delivery of well-coordinated and holistic client/patient-centered care.

A partir de una aproximación histórica-comparativa se analiza la reglamentación colombiana de la helicicultura, en contraste con los datos oficiales sobre el volumen exportable de moluscos y las consideraciones de especialistas en Colombia. El estudio se sitúa en el debate académico sobre la complementariedad entre los ámbitos institucional y asociativo para el fortalecimiento de sectores agroindustriales. La investigación se apoyó en la revisión documental y en la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado a partir de las variables legislación, estructura productiva y asociatividad. Del análisis se infiere que las modificaciones normativas no impactaron significativamente la producción y la asociatividad. En esa perspectiva se cuestiona la premisa de la eficacia del ámbito normativo en la creación de condiciones favorables para consolidar actividades rurales con potencial exportador.