Background Despite the WHO and UNICEF recommendations,

Background Breast milk is the best and most ideal food for babies because it contains all nutrition needed for their optimal growth and development. Babies who receive breast milk will have strong immune system, good brain development, and closer emotional bonding with their mothers. Considering the importance of breast milk, Indonesian government has been campaigning to endorse exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in the last four years. To date, there is no national data available to evaluate the exclusive breastfeeding program. Therefore, Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI) conducted a national survey on breastfeeding to investigate exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia. Objective To find out the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This study included 22 provinces in Indonesia and targeted on mothers with infants aged 0-11 months. For the quantitative portion of the study we used simple random sampling design to get the prevalence from the population. For the qualitative interview data we used a stratified random sampling design to ensure that each infant age group was well represented. Survey location in each province was selected based on defining the capital city to be urban area and its sub-urban areas to be rural. This study was performed between October -November 2010. Results We found that the prevalences of breastfeeding among baby 0-11 months was quite high which were 91%, 86%, and 72% in infants aged 0-3 months, 0-6 months, and 6-11 months, respectively. Interestingly, the prevalence of breastfeeding in urban area was higher than in rural area for infants aged 6-11 months. However, despite the high prevalence of giving breast milk, less than half of mothers gave breast milk exclusively, to babies aged 0-3 months and to those aged 0-6 months. The awareness to exclusively breastfeed was greater for urban mothers than for rural ones in those with infants aged 0-6 months. Mothers with high socioeconomic status had the highest prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding without formula was still the highest up to 12 months but the role of giving

Background Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. According to the 2007 Indonesian National Household Health Survey, only 23% of mothers exclusively breastfeed for six months.Objectives To determine the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, to evaluate factors associated with infant feeding practices, and to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively-breastfed and formula-fed infants.Methods A survey was conducted in hospitals located in 17 provinces in Indonesia. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was calculated. Many variables were investigated as potential predictors for exclusive breastfeeding using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Further analysis was performed to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants at the time of survey.Results From 1,804 infant subjects, the overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 46.3%, ranging from 10.5% in East Java to 66.9% in Jambi. Predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and formula feeding rates were 14.3%, 8.6%, and 30.7%, respectively. Maternal unemployment was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding (P=0.000). There were significantly more formula-fed infants who were undernourished compared to exclusively-breastfed infants (14% vs. 8%, P=0.001). There were also significantly more infants in the formula-fed group who had abnormal head circumference compared to those in the exclusively-breastfed group (9% vs. 6%, P=0.031). Child development, as assessed by the Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire, was similar between the two groups (P=0.996).Conclusion The overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is 46.3%. Maternal unemployment is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfed infants have significant better growth and head circumference compared to formula fed infants, while the development is similar between the two groups.

Background Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. According

akit perut berulang merupakan masalah yang sering ditemukan pada anak terutama dalam hal pendekatan diagnosis dan tatalaksana. Pada sebagian anak, rasa nyeri dapat timbul setiap hari, sedangkan pada anak yang lain timbul secara episodik. 1Keluhan ini merupakan 5% dari keseluruhan kasus Intoleransi Laktosa pada Anak dengan Nyeri Perut BerulangElizabeth Yohmi,* Aswitha D. Boediarso,** Badriul Hegar, ** Pramita G. Dwipurwantoro,** Agus Firmansyah** Sakit perut berulang (SPB) merupakan masalah yang sering ditemukan pada anak terutama dalam hal pendekatan diagnosis dan tatalaksana. Sebagian besar penyebab SPB adalah gangguan fungsional dan hanya sebagian kecil (10%) yang disebabkan oleh kelainan organik. Intoleransi laktosa dilaporkan merupakan penyebab SPB terbanyak pada anak berusia di atas 5 tahun. Intoleransi laktosa terjadi akibat ketidakmampuan laktase menghidrolisis laktosa yang masuk ke dalam usus halus. Manifestasi klinis yang diperlihatkan sangat bervariasi seperti mual, muntah, sakit perut, kembung, sering flatus dan diare. Berbagai pemeriksaan penunjang dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis keadaan intoleransi laktosa. Uji hidrogen napas merupakan alat diagnostik pilihan saat ini, karena bersifat non invasif dan mempunyai nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi, serta sangat mudah dan aman dilakukan pada anak. Biopsi usus masih merupakan uji diagnostik baku emas untuk mengukur aktivitas laktase. Prevalens intoleransi laktosa di berbagai tempat di dunia sangat beragam. Ras dan pola hidup dalam mengkonsumsi susu/produk susu dilaporkan berperan pada aktivitas laktase. Di Indonesia, prevalens intoleransi laktosa pada anak pernah dilaporkan dengan memperlihatkan peningkatan prevalens sesuai dengan bertambahnya usia, tetapi prevalens intoleransi laktosa pada anak yang menderita SPB belum pernah dilaporkan.Kata kunci: intoleransi laktosa -sakit perut berulang -uji hidrogen napas yang datang ke dokter spesialis anak. Sebagian besar kasus mempunyai masalah dalam pendekatan diagnosis dan tatalaksananya, sehingga seringkali membuat frustasi baik orangtua, dokter, maupun pasiennya sendiri 2 Sebagian besar penyebab SPB adalah gangguan fungsional dan hanya sebagian kecil yang disebabkan oleh kelainan organik. Pada laporan terdahulu, hanya sedikit sekali penyebab organik yang diketahui, yaitu sebesar 5-10%, sehingga faktor emosional dan psikogenik sering dianggap sebagai penyebab gejala ini.3 Ada beberapa peneliti yang menganggap bahwa SPB pada anak dipengaruhi oleh faktor makanan.3 Van der Meer, dkk (1992) menemukan intoleransi laktosa sebagai penyebab SPB terbanyak pada anak berusia di atas 5 tahun. 4 Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa 30-40% anak dengan SPB mempunyai penyebab