Authors analyze the differences between the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growth in the developed and developing countries. For the model of the gross domestic product (GDP) on the foreign direct investments for the developed countries the following data are used: observations for the 10 countries during 1983-2013. For the model of the GDP on the foreign direct investments (FDI) for the developing countries the following data are used: observations for the 11 countries during 1994-2013. Investigators conclude that the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growthdefinitely has the positive effect in both cases. However, the degree of this influence depends on the type of the country. The developing countries get the smaller effect from the foreign direct investments because of the non-transparent institutional environment and negative influence of other non-economic factors. These findings provide an opportunity to judge that in developed countries, institutional and economic environment and, most of all, human capital allow you to get the full effect of FDI, that is, as capital accumulation and spill-over effects. In developing countries, there should be thresholds to reduce effects of FDI, such as insufficient human capital and poor economic and institutional environment. Thus, the impact of FDI on economic growth is certainly positive, however the level of this effect depends on country characteristics. That is, the hypothesis that FDI affects developing countries less than developed, due to the existence of thresholds in the form of unhealthy institutional and economic environment were confirmed.

The article is devoted to the development of such a form of state property management as a public-private partnership. Public-private partnership is one of the most widespread format of interaction between the state and business. The article analyzes the legal foundations and trends in the development of this form of interaction. Modern methods for assessing risks, benefits and effects for different stakeholders of projects implemented in the form of PPPs are considered. The authors propose their approach to building a financial model and assessing the effects of PPP projects. Taking into account risks, the fair price of participation in the PPP project for both parties is estimated. The proposed financial model can be used to calculate the concession fee in tariff-regulated projects where the state is supposed to participate, usually with the subsequent transfer of the ownership for the created object to the state. The results of the work can be used by departmental and regional centers of public-private partnerships, by specialists of private investor companies and tariff regulation bodies when formulating the financial and economic justification for public-private partnership projects, justifying its preference in comparison with other forms of state budget investments.

Business partnerships between state agencies and private sector entities represent one of the most common forms ofinteraction between government and the business sector. Moreover, these public-private partnership (PPP) projects canbe a major and effective catalyst for significant social and commercial development in the public sphere.This article is devoted to an analysis of recent changes in the legislative base concerning PPP in the Russian Federation.We intend to identify pragmatic approaches toward assessing the economic effects of PPP involvement for potentialstakeholders, as well as constructing models of financial frameworks for mapping the PPP project implementation. Thisarticle presents the result of testing the financial model that we propose. The ultimate intention is that this model can beused in the preparation of concession agreements and negotiation in the preparation of PPP projects.To achieve this, we analyze the legal framework and development trends of public-private partnership projects,both theoretically and practically. We consider and evaluate PPP from the point of view of 3 aspects: organizational,methodological and managerial. To achieve this, we must identify the interests of the various stakeholders who aredirectly or indirectly interested in the practical results of the project in both a material and a sociopolitical sense.For each of the stakeholders, we identify areas for them to evaluate in the process of analyzing potential PPP projects.This includes the potential quantitative and qualitative results of a project that can be identified and, as a rule, measured,which allows for a standard approach to political and commercial evaluation. As a result, we present an algorithm forbuilding a financial model which accounts for material and seemingly immaterial variablesIt is suggested that this approach to building a financial model and evaluating the effects of PPP projects provides auniquely useful perspective on the field. We utilize the most modern methods for assessing risks, benefits and effects forvarious stakeholders of projects implemented in the form of PPP, and as a result this paper provides ample opportunityfor further development of research. The presentation of the evaluation algorithm for PPP stakeholders takes intoaccount the complex structure of the partnership participants and will be useful for academic, commercial, andadministrative parties.

According to modern survey many entrepreneurs noted the negative consequences of the pandemic: 76% reported a decrease in revenue, 66% a decrease in demand for goods or services, 36% a decrease in the number of suppliers, 24% a decrease in the number of branches or points of sale. Every third entrepreneur (34%) sent employees on unpaid vacation, and every fifth (18%) had to resort to dismissing employees. Most entrepreneurs do not expect to return to pre-crisis indicators in the short term. Currently, in connection with the situation related to the coronavirus infection pandemic, new approaches are emerging in the field of business valuation and consulting, developed in practice by institutions involved in business appraisal, project, and corporate finance issues. The paper based on the case from Russian fitness industry examines the transformation of the business appraisal approach in project finance in the pandemic situation. The author analyses the recommendations of the Russian and foreign experts in the field of business appraisal and project finance and apply them to the case from the fitness industry.

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