We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain repeated images covering the sky visible from Cerro Pachón in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg 2 field of view, a 3.2-gigapixel camera, and six filters (ugrizy) covering the wavelength range 320-1050 nm. The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode that will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg 2 region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 yr of operations and will yield a co-added map to r∼27.5. These data will result in databases including about 32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and they will serve the majority of the primary science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special projects such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys, whose details are currently under discussion. We illustrate how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters, and we describe the expected data products and their characteristics.

A major goal for the astronomy and astrophysics communities is the pursuit of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in all ranks, from students through professional scientific researchers. Large scientific collaborations -increasingly a primary place for both professional interactions and research opportunities -can play an important role in the DEI effort. Multimessenger astronomy, a new and growing field, is based on the principle that working collaboratively produces synergies, enabling advances that would not be possible without cooperation. The nascent Multimessenger Diversity Network (MDN) is extending this collaborative approach to include DEI initiatives. After we review of the current state of DEI in astronomy and astrophysics, we describe the strategies the MDN is developing and disseminating to support and increase DEI in the fields over the coming decade:• Provide opportunities (real and virtual) to share DEI knowledge and resources • Include DEI in collaboration-level activities, including external reviews • Develop and implement ways to recognize the DEI work of collaboration members

Complementing the overview contribution about the whitepaper on ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) prepared for the Snowmass community survey in the U.S. [Astroparticle Physics 149 (2023) 102819 -arXiv:2205], this contribution focuses on Chapter 6, the 'Instrumentation Roadmap' for UHECR physics in the next decades. In addition to an increase in statistics, a higher measurement accuracy of cosmic-ray air showers is needed to answer open questions regarding the astrophysics and particle physics related to UHECR. The needed boost in exposure can be provided by space-borne fluorescence detectors with POEMMA or by huge ground arrays using a single costeffective technique, such as the giant radio arrays envisioned with GRAND. These observatories maximizing the exposure need to be complemented by ground arrays featuring an event-by-event resolution of the rigidity of the primary particle, which is the essence of GCOS. The required high mass resolution demands the simultaneous measurement of the electromagnetic (energy and 𝑋 max ) and muonic shower components, possibly by combining layered water-Cherenkov with radio detectors and next-generation fluorescence telescopes, together with novel analysis techniques, such as neural networks. The higher accuracy for air-shower measurements is also important for UHECR particle physics because it will enable stricter tests of hadronic interaction models and will help to identify ultra-high-energy photons or neutrinos. This contribution will give an overview of the instrumentation needed for the future of UHECR physics in the context of the next generation experiments discussed in the whitepaper.

Land-grant Extension institutions face increasing expectations to use data to communicate value and drive program and organizational development. In this article, we introduce the University of Wisconsin–Extension Data Jam Initiative, an integrated qualitative software, methods, and data analysis curriculum. The Data Jam Initiative is an evaluation capacity building framework for collaborative, mentorship-based analysis sessions across an institution and across disciplines. Through sharing exemplar applications of this curriculum, we illustrate how the Data Jam Initiative prepares Extension institutions for using qualitative data in service of communication to stakeholders, program development, and organizational growth.

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