Research on delinquency has shown consistent results across Western industrialized countries. Few studies have been done in non-Western cultures. This study reports on the results of a birth cohort study in China, which was started by Marvin Wolfgang but never completed. The cohort, born in 1973, was traced through official and community files. The amount of delinquency is significantly low. However, significant differences were found between delinquents and nondelinquents in terms of peer influences, family influences, and school. Regression results show that the most important school factors associated with offending are those relating to level of education completed and dropout status and interactions between students and teachers. Offenders were found to be approximately five times more likely than nonoffenders to associate with delinquent peers. This study reinforces previous findings—there are critical sociological variables related to social integration, family, and school experiences that significantly differentiate between those who become offenders and those who do not.

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ofTubingen, Federal Republic of Germany ecent research has illustrated the importance of risk and protective sample of 81 offenders and 81 nonoffenders residing in Wuhan, China, in I99 1/92 t o determine how the accumulation of risk and protective factors in various domains differentiates offenders from nonoffenders. Specifically, we examine the importance of multiple causation and cumulative effects of risk and protective factors as they apply in a Chinese context. Results suggest that the risk and protective factor approach often used in studies of western offending also holds promise in studies of Chinese offending. Specifically, our findings support the importance of examining multiple causation and cumulative effects of risk and protective factors as related t o offending. The findings also suggest that the risk and protective factors found to be important in China may be somewhat different to those identified through studies conducted in the West, illustrating the importance of recognising historical and cultural context in the risk and protective factor paradigm. R factors on offending.The current study examines survey data from a Recent criminological efforts have attempted to outline risk and protective factors of criminal offending in hopes of developing successful prevention and intervention

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The debate on how to deal with the past in Serhia is still ongoing almost twenty years after the end of the armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia. From the very start the international community has put major emphasis on the criminal prosecution and conviction of the persons mostly responsible for the war crimes in the region, both by establishing the ICTY and encouraging national prosecutions. In the discussions about 'dealing with the past' in Serbia little if any attention has heen devoted to the views and expectations of the local population, although they provide an additional source of information ahout the strategies and the mechanisms for dealing with the crimes of the past and reconstructing the fiiture. The objective of this chapter is to find out what people in Serhia think ahout the central dehates around impunity and accountability for war crimes, and more specifically which importance they attach to criminal prosecutions and truth commissions in the country For this purpose, it reports about the main findings of a quantitative survey conducted in Serbia in 2007, and concludes that the picture is not hlack and white but complex instead.