BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a psychopathological syndrome clinic involving cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects from the individual which interferences. This interference is normally started before age 25, and it can affect all social classes. AIM: To find out the difference in total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores in schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who have received treatment with risperidone. METHODS: This study is a prospective study. This study used numeric comparative analytic two unpaired groups to observe the differences of PANSS score of the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment. RESULTS: Our study found that the average score of PANSS for Bataknese was 49.76 ± 12.65 and Javanese was 42.43 ± 9.05. CONCLUSION: There was a difference score of PANSS for the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment for 6 weeks (p = 0.037).

ABSTRACT-Background-Vitamin D levels with schizophrenia is lower than the control due to lifestyle and physical health factors such as smoking, inactivity, and social withdrawal including decreases of sunlight exposure. Asia has the lowest average of vitamin D serum levels and Europe with lighter colored skin has higher serum levels of vitamin D. The Indonesian people were known as a nation that has a diversity of ethnic groups that exist in many areas. Each tribe has differences in living habits. Ethnic diversity, culture, religion, customs, geographical location, this is reflected in our daily lives that will affect the levels of vitamin D in patients with schizophrenic. Aims: To determine the differences of serum vitamin D levels with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic male patients between Batak and Malay. Methods: This study was an analytical study to recruited 60 subjects of schizophrenic male patient (30 Bataknese and 30 Malayan), aged between 15 to 55 years old, period at May-Nov 2016, the acute phase with no agitation, treatment with riperidone 4 mg. Statistical analysis was using Mann Whitney U test. Blood sample for vitamin D serum was using ELFA method. Results:The vitamin D serum levels with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic patient were lower in Bataknese ethnic group than Malayan ethnic group, reaching statistically (22.9±3.33 ng/ml) vs (27.9±4.19 ng/ml) p<0.001. Conclusion: There are found significant differences of serum vitamin D levels with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenic patient between Batak and Malay.

To find out the difference of serum IL-2 levels between untreated and treated in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia and healthy control and also to find out the association between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia. This study was cross-sectional approach using a one-way ANOVA welch test and to find a correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia which is conducted in Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan and Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan from September 2019-November 2019. Subjects of untreated were 55 subjects and treated in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia were 55 subjects and healthy control were 55 subjects. There were significant differences between these three groups using post hoc Games-Howell test on the value of p<0.001 and also been found there was a significant correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia using the Pearson correlation test (r=0.599, p=0.001 and r=0.501, p=0.001). It was founded that there were significant differences between serum IL-2 levels in three groups and also founded there was a significant correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy among schizophrenic patients is 20% shorter than the general population. Currently, long-term use of antipsychotic drugs can induce metabolic symptoms, including weight gain, glucose intolerance, high blood glucose. AIM: This research aimed to investigate the fasting blood sugar level of a male patient with schizophrenia treated with flexible dose. METHODS: This research is an experimental study, unpaired numerical comparative analytic with non-probability consecutive sampling by recruiting 50 research subjects of men with male patients with schizophrenia. Every 25 people were treated with aripiprazole, and another 25 subjects were treated with risperidone. The flexible dose on how doses are equated with bioequivalent doses between aripiprazole and risperidone was applied. Sampling was carried out in the inpatient and outpatient clinic of the psychiatric hospital Prof. Dr M. Ildrem Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, in a span of 6 months from January 2018 to July 2018. The diagnostic test used a Mini structured interview system International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 (Mini-ICD 10) and the statistical analysis was involving Mann Whitney U Test. RESULTS: This research showed the mean of fasting blood sugar level in week 8 in the group receiving treatment with aripiprazole was 88.96 with a standard deviation of 4.33 and in the group receiving risperidone treatment was 102.80 with a standard deviation of 2.92. The results of the analysis using unpaired t-test in the two groups showed a significant difference in fasting blood sugar levels for men with schizophrenia in the group receiving aripiprazole treatment and the group receiving risperidone treatment in week 8 with a value of p < 0.001 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This research revealed that based on the equivalence of risperidone and aripiprazole dosage given to the male patients with schizophrenia, the treatment using risperidone can significantly increase the fasting blood sugar level compared to the aripiprazole treatment in week 8.

Background: Ethnicity is one of many intrinsic factors influencing the drug response and its severity in patients with schizophrenia. In North Sumatera, Indonesia, information is very limited on the effect of divalproex sodium in Batak and non-Batak tribes.Objectives: The study aimed to investigate differences in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores between Batak and non-Batak males with schizophrenia receiving risperidone treatment alone or in combination with divalproex sodium.Methods: This open trial experimental study was conducted on 60 Batak and non-Batak male subjects with schizophrenia. The doses of divalproex sodium and risperidone were 1500 mg and 6 mg, respectively. The sample was obtained from Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital, North Sumatra, Indonesia, in a span of six months from September 2017 to February 2018. The mini international statistical classification of diseases-10 (Mini ICD-10) structured interviews were used for diagnosis. Results: There were no differences between the Batak and Non-Batak groups in the PANSS positive subscale score (P = 0.766), PANSS negative subscale score (P = 0.789), and PANSS total score (P = 0.673) in six weeks of observation. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the PANSS scores between males with schizophrenia from Batak and non-Batak tribes who received risperidone monotherapy or combined with divalproex sodium.