Pengetahuan merupakan segala sesuatu yang diketahui berdasarkan hasil penginderaan dan pengalaman yang didapatkan manusia. Perawatan penderita stroke di rumah oleh keluarga merupakan segala tindakan yang dilakukan keluarga demi mempertahankan kesehatan penderita stroke, seperti membantu aktifitas fisik setelah stroke, menangani kebersihan diri, menangani masalah makan dan minum, kepatuhan program pengobatan di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan pasien stroke di rumah terhadap tingkat pengetahuan keluarga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre eksperimen, dengan pendekatan One Group Pre-test – Post-test Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah keluarga pasien stroke yang berada di Poliklinik Neurologi  Rumah Sakit Stella Maris Makassar. Pengambilan sampel  menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling, dengan pendekatan consecutive sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji wilcoxon untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan pasien stroke di rumah terhadap tingkat pengetahuan keluarga dan diperoleh nilai p=0,000. Berdasarkan uji statistik tersebut diketahui nilai p < α (0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima artinya ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan pasien stroke di rumah terhadap tingkat pengetahuan keluarga. Oleh sebab itu, perawat penting memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan pasien stroke dirumah pada keluarga agar pengetahuan keluarga meningkat.

Researches on the effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) on decreased renal function with cystatin C (cysC) serum levels biomarker are few and show different findings. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in controlling renal function and one of the integral components of the RAS is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Research on the relationship between plasma ACE2 levels with serum cysC levels in animals induced by HFD has not been done. We hypothesize that administration of HFD can cause a decline in early stage renal function through the role of ACE2. 30 male wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks (body weight between 170-220 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats/group): baseline, normal diet for 8 weeks (ND8), ND for 16 weeks (ND16), HFD for 8 weeks (HFD8) and HFD for 16 weeks (HFD16). Body weight and naso-anal length were measured to get the index value of obesity and body fat percentage. Obesity index measured are lee index, rohrer index and TM index. Blood samples obtained by intracardiac for examination of plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. After 8 and 16 weeks, HFD increases body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage. HFD also increases plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. Body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage have a positive correlation with plasma ACE2 levels. Plasma ACE2 levels were positively correlated with serum cysC levels. HFD causes a decrease of early stage renal function as evidenced by the increase in serum cysC levels. Plasma ACE2 levels play a role in the pathogenesis of the decline in early stage renal function induced by HFD.

Background: Obesity contributes to the increased risk of chronic kidney and systemic inflammation. This condition can occur in obese adolescents. Most researches of cystatin-C (cys-C) and adiponectin have been carried out in adult and children subjects. The purpose of this research is to determine differences in serum cys-C and adiponectin levels between obese and normoweight adolescents and their correlation with blood pressure and obesity parameters.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight obese adolescents and 22 normoweight adolescents aged 15-18 years old participated in this research. After the measurement of blood pressure and obesity parameters, we examined serum cys-C levels as a biomarker for decreased early stage renal function and adiponectin, an antiinflammatory adipokine. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum cys-C is calculated using the eGFR-Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR-CKD EPI cys-C equation formula). Results: Cys-C levels in obese adolescents were higher than normoweight adolescents. In contrast, serum adiponectin levels in obese adolescents were lower than for normoweight adolescents. Interestingly, eGFR based on serum cys-C showed no difference, although eGFR in obese adolescents was lower than normoweight adolescent. Serum cys-C was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP, BMI and WC. SBP is a predictor factor for the increase in serum cys-C and BMI is a predictor factor in the decrease in serum adiponectin levels. Conclusion: There is a decline in early stage kidney function and inflammation in obese adolescents as evidenced by increased serum cyst-C levels and decreased serum adiponectin levels. These two biomarkers correlate with blood pressure, BMI and WC and play a role in the pathomechanism of early stage impairment of kidney function and inflammation in obese adolescents.Keywords: adiponectin, body mass index, cystatin-C, early stage renal diseases, inflammation, systolic blood pressure

Pendahuluan: Stroke merupakan gangguan peredaran darah di otak yang terjadi secara mendadak, yang ditandai dengan hilangnya fungsi dari bagian tubuh tertentu sehingga mengalami kecacatan. Stroke yang memasuki fase rehabilitasi untuk mengurangi kecacatan menyebabkan fungsi tubuh meningkat sehingga dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari yang menjadi bagian dari selfmanagement. Sehingga akan dapat selfefficacy yang baik agar self management pada fase rehabilitasi dapat berjalan. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara self efficacy dengan self management pada pasien post stroke. Metode:Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling melalui accidental sampling yang berjumlah 41 responden. Instrument yang digunakan adalah berupa kuesioner. Hasil: uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan self efficacy dengan self management pada pasien post stroke. Kesimpulan: Bahwa berimplikasi terhadap perawat pentingnya meningkatkan self efficacy pada pasien stroke sehingga pasien termotivasi untuk sembuh dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup serta berdampak pada self management yang baik