This study uses econometric methods to reveal the relationship between the highest price formation and trading volume in the share indices of energy and oil companies traded on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE). The study used daily transaction data of KEGC, KZAP, and KZTO companies for 200 trading days in 2022. The analysis is based on the VAR method. The shock effect analysis concluded that there is a mutual interaction between the trading volume and the highest price formation for all three companies. Trading volume had a causal effect on the highest price of only one company (KZTO). The existence of a correlation between the trading volume and the highest price formation is important for investment decisions. This can be interpreted as an indication of a connection between the trading volume and the highest price formation in KASE. More information on this relationship can be obtained by performing similar analyses for other companies traded in the KASE.
The article considers the current topic - justification of the possibility of organizing a system for recycling solid domestic and other waste based on plasma technologies and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of solid domestic and other waste abroad and in Russia was analyzed. There are proposed a scheme of organization of solid domestic and other waste disposal system based on plasma technologies, operable at the under construction enterprise for processing of these wastes. The economic feasibility of this enterprise is justified. It was concluded that although the use of plasma technologies is most beneficial in the energy sector, when introducing plasma plants and creating solid waste disposal plants using these plants, taking into account the financial benefits in obtaining the raw materials and energy generated by them is not the main task, but an additional economic effect. The main thing is to reduce the negative impact of solid municipal waste on the environment and people.
Subject. The article discusses the development of small businesses in the USA though supporting measures. Objectives. We suggest how small businesses should be supported and developed by analyzing the relevant practices in the USA. We also identify and analyze factors and conditions that contribute to the development of small businesses through supportive measures taken in the USA. Methods. We use the methods of analysis, synthesis and logic research through the creative data approach. Results. In this article we analyze the specifics of tax treatment of business and small business, first of all, in Foreign Trade Zones and in the USA as a whole. We reveal special tax regimes in the USA, referring to the business environment of SME in Russia just for the sake of comparison. Having analyzed relevant positive practices in the USA, we suggest how small businesses should be supported and developed in Russia, which is the novelty of this study. Conclusions and Relevance. We conclude that the he apparatus the USA uses to bring its small business sector to the international market and expand its operations, helps businessmen increase their profit and sales, get more free from seasonal fluctuations and turbulence in the domestic market and receive real financial aid. Supporting the small business, the State should prioritize ensuring sufficient jobs for the people, including the creation of additional ones.
Мақаланың мақсаты-табысты экономикалық дамуды ұзақ мерзімді перспективаға бекіту жолы ретінде елдің мәдениеті мен экономикалық дамуының өзара байланысы проблемасын алға жылжыту және мәдени көрсеткіштердің экономикалық өсу көрсеткіштеріне әсерін бағалау. Мақалада жүйелік-ақпараттық тәсілге негізделген логикалық зерттеу, болжау, талдау және синтез әдістері, Р.Инглхарттың мәдени сипаттамалары мен әлеуметтік-экономикалық даму деңгейі мен Г. Хофстедтің мәдениеттің әлеуметтік-мәдени сипаттамаларын өлшеу арасындағы байланысы әдістері қолданылады. Мақаланың жаңалығы-экономикалық тұрақсыздық жағдайында мәдениеттің экономикалық сегментінің ел экономикасының өсу қарқынына әсерін зерттеуге негізделген мақалада ұсынылған тәсіл ерекше мәнге ие болатындығын негіздеу. Әлеуметтік-экономикалық прогреске қол жеткізу және елдің сәтті дамуын қамтамасыз ету үшін мемлекеттік және қоғамдық институттардың, мәдениеттің және олардың өзара байланысы мен экономикалық дамудың өсу қарқынының тиісті сатысында қолданылатын стандарттардың тығыз байланысы қажет деген болжам жасалды. Экономиканың алдыңғы дамуына тәуелділік проблемасы-«жол эффектісі» және ЕО елдеріндегі мәдениет саласындағы экономикалық статистикалық көрсеткіштер талданды. Қоғамның әлеуметтік-мәдени көзқарастарын және оның құндылықтарын экономикалық өсу қарқыны жоғары экономикалық даму бағытында өзгерту бойынша ұсыныстар ұсынылды. Мақалада ЕО елдерінің мәдениет саласындағы жұмыспен қамту және кәсіпкерлік тенденциялары туралы аналитикалық тұжырымдар жасалған. Түйін сөздер: экономика, «жол эффектісі», жұмыспен қамту, кәсіпкерлік, қосымша құн, мәдениет, жоғары білім.
The study in the article aims to improve the methodology for calculating the price of an option agreement. The subject is calculating the price of the option agreement for a real option with the right to sell/purchase. The hypothesis is that using a more objective calculation formula will increase the efficiency of making the corporation's strategic investment and management decisions. The method of mathematical modelling is used to refine the methodology for calculating the price of an option agreement within the framework of the ways of real options and discounting cash flows. The article justifies and clarifies the calculation formulas for the price of an option agreement for a real option with the right to sell/purchase. It has been shown that an objective assessment of the value of this option is a powerful tool for making a strategic investment decision. The article's novelty is the combination of the practice of hedging standards for transactions and methods of real options and discounting cash flows when developing a model for calculating the price of an agreement. The application of a more objective pricing formula for an options contract, limited to the specified project profitability index, confirms the hypothesis. A more objective assessment of the effectiveness of projects with the application of real options is a competitive advantage of the corporation due to the ability to benefit further from risk and uncertainty. The direction of future research is the formalization of the option pricing model for calculating net assets.
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