Abstract. The relationship between monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the commonly used El Niño regions and precipitation for 44 stations in Perú is documented for 1950–2002. Linear lag correlation analysis is employed to establish the potential for statistical precipitation forecasts from SSTs. Useful monthly mean precipitation anomaly forecasts are possible for several locations and calendar months if SST anomalies in El Niño 1+2, Niño 3.4, and Niño 4 regions are available. Prediction of SST anomalies in El Niño regions is routinely available from Climate Prediction Center, NOAA, with reasonable skill in the El Niño 3.4 region, but the prediction in El Niño 1+2 region is less reliable. The feasibility of using predicted SST anomalies in the El Niño 3.4 region to predict SST anomalies in El Niño 1+2 region is discussed.
Este estudio analiza la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la precipitación en el sur de la península de Yucatán, a través de anomalías y tendencias de la precipitación anual y estacional y la ocurrencia de sequías meteorológicas, empleando datos de lluvia de nueve estaciones meteorológicas para el periodo de 1953-2007. Utilizando tendencias de regresión lineal anuales y estacionales se analizó el aumento o la disminución de las precipitaciones durante este periodo. Las anomalías de precipitación permitieron evaluar la estabilidad, el déficit o superávit de precipitación para cada año, y el método quintil permitió la clasificación de la intensidad de las sequías meteorológicas. Los resultados muestran una considerable variabilidad espacial y temporal, con mayores valores de precipitación y anomalías en la costa, que van disminuyendo gradualmente hacia el Centro-Oeste del área en estudio. Durante este periodo hay una disminución de la precipitación anual y de la estación húmeda, en gran parte de la zona la cual alcanza una disminución de 12 mm anuales (estación Chachobben). Estaciones como Zoh Laguna Campeche muestran claramente un aumento en los años de sequía (desde leve hasta extrema) a partir de 1985 principalmente. Este estudio contribuye a un major conocimiento de la variación regional de la precipitación y sus posibles vínculos con el Cambio Climático a escala regional y global.
Time trends in annual land-surface precipitation during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries and their spatial patterns are estimated from gridded (at a 0.5 • × 0.5 • spatial resolution) rain-gauge-based precipitation data sets available from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and at the University of Delaware (UDel). Our analyses of these precipitation data sets make use of spatially weighted (geographic) percentiles as well as of join-point and simple linear regression. A consistent increase in annual land-surface-average precipitation (of approximately 0.2 and 0.5 mm/year) occurred during the first half of the twentieth century. This increase was followed by nearly a half-century (approximately forty-four years, from 1949 through 1993) of decreases in annual land-surface-average precipitation (on the order of 0.3 to 0.6 mm/year). Trends, once again, reversed themselves in the early 1990s and increased (at rates of approximately 0.75 to 2.1 mm/year) over the decade from 1992 through 2002. Maps of precipitation change during these alternating periods of increasing and decreasing precipitation show considerable spatial variability.
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