No abstract

Young green barley powder is one the best functional food of providing nutrition and eliminating toxin from cells in human beings, however its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. Young green barley powder and wheat flour (72% extraction) were analyzed for their proximate chemical composition, mineral elements and amino acids contents to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that young green barley powder and wheat flour (72% extraction) contains appreciable amount of essential nutrients whereas the ether extract content, crude protein, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrates were 3.23%, 21.15%, 9.37%, 17.53% and 48.72% as well as 1.40, 11.69, 0.60, 0.65 and 85.66% (on dry weight basis), respectively. Also young green barley powder had high contains of macro mineral elements i.e. Ca, K, P, Mg and Na , high concentration of micro minerals' i.e. Fe and Zn, besides amino acids such as arginine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, threonine and aspartic acid. Five levels of young green barley powder (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) were used to replace wheat flour (72%) in order to produce shamy bread. The obtained results showed that, as the level of substitution increase, all components increased except total carbohydrates. In addition, four levels of young green barley juice (10, 20, 30 and 40%) were used to replace cantaloupe juice. It can be concluded that consumption of young green barley in shamy bread or cantaloupe juice in different combinations could provide a reasonable daily recommended amount of essential nutrients for maintenance of healthy life and normal body functioning.

In Egypt, the request for salt fish products has been increasing during many feasts because it is one of Egypt's favorite foods. It has been reported that in certain seasons, these products cause toxicity and even death. Most fish poisonings around the world are known to be caused by elevated histamine levels. Thus, the study assessed the histamine levels of herring and fesikh samples available on the market and established the safety of these products with recommendations for various treatments that may inhibit the production of histamine in herring and fesikh through bacteria and enzyme production. Before manufacturing herring and fesikh, the fresh fish is soaked for one hour in a modified pH solution of 4 by vinegar with the addition of natural substances individually or in combination (such as garlic, onion, hot pepper, or aloe vera) or some chemicals singly (such as edta, nisin, h2o2, formic acid, and so2). The levels of histamine in herring (111 to 138 mg/kg) and fesikh (214 to 279 mg/kg) were unsafe in marketable samples. The histamine levels of herring and fesikh in proposed treatments were safe since they did not exceed 26 mg/kg after 30 days of cold storage for herring or 45 mg/kg after maturity of fesikh. The proposed treatments enhanced greatly herring and fesikh organoleptic qualities, especially those containing natural ingredients, such as garlic, hot pepper, or their mixture beside onion, which are more accepted treatments.

Background: Oxidative stress occurs due to decreased glutathione inside the body. Some supplements may promote and stimulate glutathione production in the liver. This article aims to investigate the impact of different supplements on enhancing glutathione synthesis in rats’ livers. For this purpose 42 rats (male albino) were separated into 7 groups, each including 6 animals with average weights ranging between 150 and 160 g. Group 1 (control) and different groups consumed a basal diet for 8 weeks, whereas group 2 received 500 mg/kg bw of L-cysteine daily. Group 3 received 250 mg/kg bw of methionine, while group 4 got 250 mg/kg of L cysteine plus 125 mg/kg of methionine daily. Spirulina (20 mg/kg bw), turmeric (500 mg/kg bw), and dried garlic (500 mg/kg bw), respectively, were given to groups 5, 6, and 7. Results: Utilizing the various dietary supplements decreased levels of liver function enzymes, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde while enhancing levels antioxidant enzymes of liver, and increased glutathione of kidneys and liver. However, cysteine alone at 500 mg/kg bw decreased glutathione formation in the liver and kidneys. Compared to the amino acid supplements (group 2, 3, 4) used, spirulina, turmeric, and dried garlic had a significant impact on reducing liver function enzymes, bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde and increasing antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione while turmeric supplement showed the best influence. Using dietary supplements did not result in any pathological modifications in the liver tissues, but there were some unsatisfactory minor alterations. However, group 2 showed considerable pathological developments in the liver tissues. Conclusion: According to the findings, using the suggested dietary supplement except for cysteine alone can promote and encourage glutathione synthesis in different organs, especially the liver, hence alleviating the effects of oxidative stress associated with several illnesses.