The present in vitro study was to ascertain the phytochemicals and the nematicidal potential of organic extract of Datura stramonium and Gongronema latifolium on egg hatch inhibition of M. incognita for the effective control of root knot nematodes. The tested botanical extract are found to possess alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, terpenoids and glycosides in different composition as shown from the phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The egg hatchability test shows that the extracts were very effective in inhibiting egg hatching in all concentrations as compared to the control and the percentage egg hatch inhibition was related to the level of dilution and time of exposure. Datura stramonium was more effective in inhibiting egg hatching of 98% at 100% concentration compared to 76% inhibitory effect of Gongoronema latifolium which may be due to the presence of terpenoids and higher concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts of D. stramolium. The vast bioactive components present in the tested botanicals make them suitable for bio pesticides and nematicide synthesis for eco-friendly and sustainable agro development.

The current study was aimed at determining the nematicidal efficacy of Helianthus annuus and Chromolaena odorata in the management of M. incognita. The qualitative and quantitative screening of the phytochemicals present in the extracts of tested botanical was done with the gas chromatography flame ionization detector and spectrophotometric analysis where flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids and glycosides were obtained at varying concentrations. The botanical extract significantly enhanced the inhibition of juveniles hatching individually when compared to the control (P<0.05). The maximum percentage egg hatch inhibition recorded in tested botanicals at 72 hours of exposure in 100% concentration were Helianthus annuus = 68% and Chromolaena odorata = 89.33%. The extract from Chromolaena odorata was more infective due to the presence of terpenoids which are not found in the extract of Helianthus annuus. The study thus, suggests that the identification, isolation and bio-assaying of phytochemicals in the tested botanicals could lead to nematicidal discovery as a good alternative for the management of M. incognita for an eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture.

The need to provide additional information towards adopting a well-developed and standard waste management scheme in Yenagoa Metropolis prompted this study. It was based on waste source, transferring process and stakeholders, location and elevation, ecological sensitivity, risk factors and general people’s wellbeing. The operation of waste stakeholders and their activities were recorded on daily basis through Mass-Volume Analysis method using weighbridge scale for twelve (12) months (January–December 2021); Student-T test (t) and Two-Ways ANOVA were used to analyzed results. Results confirmed that, Etelebou is a government approved open-air-dumpsite for both liquid and solid waste; the Brikari Nig. Ltd. Company is transferring 50% solid waste while the Patico and Saturday (21.8% each) merged top commuters transferring liquid waste to the central Dumpsite. In general, the open-air-dumpsite is receiving an average 546.830 tonnes of waste annually consisting of 91% solid and 9% liquid with less than 10% material recovery for reuse and recycling. At 5% (ά=0.05%) interval, the difference between weekly waste stream and wastes stakeholders (commuters) is insignificant (0.324<2.57); so also waste stream per monthly summary (0.32<2.14). We therefore discouraged the current dumping operation at Etelebou due to its elevation (5 meters below sea level), proximity to natural drainage with a porous geological structure that posses’ ecological health risk on flora and fauna. Therefore, the study advises alternative disposal site and recommends controlled incineration, compositing and waste recycling for best practice in low regions like the Niger Delta of Nigeria.