The development of new synthesis approaches for MoS 2 is necessary to achieve controlled morphologies and unique physicochemical properties that can improve its efficiency in particular applications. Herein, a facile one-step hydrothermal route is proposed to prepare controllable MoS 2 micro/nanostructures with an increased interlayer using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate as the new S source at different pH values. To investigate the morphology, chemical composition, and structure of the MoS 2 micro/ nanostructures, various characterization techniques were used. The obtained microrods, microspheres, and microrods with hairlike structures (denoted as MoS 2 -N-H) were composed of MoS 2 nanosheets with increased interlayer spacing (∼1.0 nm) and utilized for the removal of Pb(II) from aquatic systems. Among the structures, MoS 2 -N-H demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity (303.04 mg/g) for Pb(II) due to the existence of −S/−C/−N/−O-comprised functional groups on its surface, which led to strong Pb−S complexation and electrostatic attractions. The uptake of Pb(II) onto MoS 2 -N-H followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm. To evaluate its practical applicability, the adsorbent was employed in real mine water analysis; it was found that MoS 2 -N-H could adsorb almost 100% of the Pb(II) ions in the presence of various coexisting ions. Additionally, after Pb(II) adsorption, MoS 2 -N-H was transformed into PbMoO 4-x S x spindlelike nanostructures, which were further used for photodegradation of an antibiotic, viz., ciprofloxacin (CIP), to avoid secondary environment waste. Thus, this investigation provides an effective one-pot approach to fabricate controllable MoS 2 micro/nanostructures with increased interlayer spacing for water treatment. The utility of these nanostructures in related supercapacitor/battery applications may also be envisaged because of their unique structural properties.

In this study, we investigate the adsorption capability of molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 )/thiol-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (SH-MWCNT) nanocomposite for rapid and efficient removal of heavy metals [Pb(II) and Cd(II)] from industrial mine water. The MoS 2 /SH-MWCNT nanocomposite was synthesized by acid treatment and sulfurization of MWCNTs followed by a facile hydrothermal reaction technique using sodium molybdate and diethyldithiocarbamate as MoS 2 precursors. Morphological and chemical features of the nanocomposite material were studied using various characterization techniques. Furthermore, the effects of adsorbent (MoS 2 /SH-MWCNT nanocomposite) concentration, contact time, initial concentration of heavy-metal ions, and reaction temperature were examined to determine the efficiency of the adsorption process in batch adsorption experiments. Kinetics and isotherm studies showed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters calculated using van’t Hoff plots show the spontaneity and endothermic nature of adsorption. MoS 2 /SH-MWCNT nanocomposite demonstrates a high adsorption capacity for Pb(II) (90.0 mg g –1 ) and Cd(II) (66.6 mg g –1 ) following ion-exchange and electrostatic interactions. Metal–sulfur complex formation was identified as the key contributor for adsorption of heavy-metal ions followed by electrostatic interactions for multilayer adsorption. Transformation of adsorbent into PbMoO 4– x S x and CdMoO 4– x S x complex because of the adsorption process was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry. The spent adsorbent can further be used for photocatalytic and electrochemical applications; therefore, the generated secondary byproducts can also be employed for other purposes.

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