Program penganekaragaman olahan dari kacang hijau dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara untuk memanfaatkan kacang hijau yang berlimpah pada musim panen dan mengembangkan produk pangan. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan yaitu pembuatan tepung kacang hijau untuk mengetahui kandungan yang terdapat pada tepung kacang hijau dan mendapatkan formulasi penambahan tepung kacang hijau dalam pembuatan kue bingka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi tepung kacang hijau dan menentukan optimasi terbaik tepung kacang hijau dalam pembuatan kue bingka. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pembuatan tepung kacang hijau, pengujian kadar air, protein dan lemak pada tepung kacang hijau dan pembuatan kue bingka berbagai formulasi. Hasil uji organoleptik dilakukan pengumpulan data selanjutnya dilakukan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kandungan yang terdapat pada tepung kacang hijau kadar air 1,564%, kadar lemak 1,055% dan proteinnya 22,75% dan perlakuan kue bingka terbaik adalah A4 100% tepung kacang hijau.
Industri pengolahan tahu dalam proses produksinya menghasilkan limbah cair dan limbah padat. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri tahu dapat berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan apabila tidak ditangani dengan benar seperti timbulnya bau yang dapat mengganggu lingkungan sekitarnya dan pencemaran air. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi dan karakterisasi limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi tahu di UD. Usaha Berkah, Pelaihari dengan menggunakan analisis neraca massa. Kemudian dilakukan analisis ekonomi pemanfaatan limbah tahu yang bertujuan mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan sekaligus memberikan nilai tambah ekonomi bagi usaha tahu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan hasil analisis neraca massa, proses pengolahan tahu menghasilkan limbah padat ampas tahu 18 kg dan limbah cair 158 kg. Limbah cair paling banyak dihasilkan pada proses pencucian, penggumpalan dan pencetakan, sedangkan limbah padat dihasilkan dari proses penyaringan. Pengujian limbah yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa nilai BOD, COD, DO, TSS dan TDS hasil pengujian sampel tidak memenuhi standar yang mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah. Kemudian, berdasarkan hasil analisis ekonomi yang dilakukan pada pemanfaatan limbah industri diketahui bahwa pemanfaatan limbah tahu untuk biogas, tempe gembus, pakan ternak, dan pupuk organik , secara ekonomi layak untuk dilaksanakan dengan ditunjukkan nilai R/C rasio >1.
Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) stands are widely lost throughout the world. Sonokeling is currently classified as an Appendix II CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) wood. Therefore, a study on the existence and characteristics of Sonokeling were expected to contribute in providing population data and basic properties of the wood. Exploration was conducted in Plot No. 25, KPH (Forest Management Unit) Gundih, Perum Perhutani Cepu, Central Java. Sonokeling stands have been planted since 1975 (more than 40 years-old) in an area of 54.20 ha, which was not productive for Teak and mixed with Mahogany. Sample was taken from upper part of stem with around 30 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length. The sample was further cutted into 2 x 2 x 2 cm for physical, 30 x 2 x 2 cm for Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and 4 x 2 x 2 cm for Compression Strength Parallel to the Grain (CSPG) tests. The results showed that specific gravity of sapwood dan heartwood were 0.79 and 0.82, respectively. The average values of MOE, MOR, and CSPG were 117,722, 1122.19, and 1022.93 kgf/cm2, respectively. Therefore, Sonokeling can be classified into Strength Class II.
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a side product from oil palm processing activities with potential environmental pollution. Its smells, colored appearance contains high COD, BOD, and TSS values. Thus, the processing of POME is crucial. In treating this wastewater, filtration and phytoremediation methods can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the POME treatment using filtration and phytoremediation methods using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This research method includes a sampling process, tub reactor construction with four filter ingredients (sand, gravel, coconut fiber, and sponge), the dilution of POME (concentration of 100%, 75%, and 50%), phytoremediation, filtering and testing of sample parameters. The parameters tested were BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and physical properties, including color, smell, and turbidity. The results of this study showed that the application of POME treatment with water hyacinth was not yet effective, supported by the following research results of the treatment concentration of 100%, 75%, and 50% with BOD levels respectively 894.7 mg/l, 304.15 mg/l, and 77.03 mg/l, COD levels respectively 4,320 mg/l, 1,120 mg/l, and 440 mg/l, TSS levels were 400 mg/l, 200 mg/l and 0 mg/l respectively. While, pH results for those treatments are 8,8 and 9 respectively.Keywords: filtration, liquid waste, phytoremediation, water hyacinthABSTRAKKegiatan operasional Pabrik Kelapa Sawit menghasilkan produk samping (By-Product) salah satunya limbah cair yang berbau, berwarna, mengandung nilai COD, BOD serta TSS yang tinggi berpotensi mencemari lingkungan, sehingga pengolahan limbah cair di pabrik kelapa sawit sangat penting. Filtrasi dan fitoremediasi adalah metode yang dapat digunakan dalam mengolah limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil pengolahan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit dengan metode filtrasi dan fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes). Metode penelitian ini meliputi proses sampling, membuat bak reaktor berukuran 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm dengan 4 media penyaring (pasir, kerikil, serabut kelapa dan spons), kemudian melakukan pengenceran limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75% dan 50%, fitoremediasi, penyaringan dan pengujian sampel parameter BOD, COD, TSS, pH dan Uji sifat fisik meliputi warna, aroma dan kekeruhan. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa aplikasi pengolahan limbah PKS dengan tanaman enceng gondok belum efektif, dengan ditunjang hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : 100%, 75%, dan 50% dengan kadar BOD berturut-turut 894,7 mg/l, 304,15 mg/l, dan 77,03 mg/l, kadar COD berturut-turut 4.320 mg/l, 1.120 mg/l dan 440 mg/l, kadar TSS berturut-turut 400 mg/l, 200 mg/l dan 0 mg/l dan pH berturut-turut 8,8 dan 9.Kata kunci: eceng gondok, filtrasi, fitoremediasi, limbah cair
High demand for Agarwood (Gaharu) from natural forest causes the decreasing of their population. In 2004, Indonesia proposed that all natural Agarwood from Gyrinops and Aquilaria generas should be included in the Appendix II CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) list, which could be internationally traded but in certain quota. This paper deals with anatomical observation and characterization on basic properties to find out the difference between Gyrinops and Aquilaria for classification and standardization. Explorations have been conducted at community forests in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara for Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke; while A. malaccensis Benth., A. microcarpa Baill., A. beccariana Tiegh., and Aquilaria sp. were extracted from Sangau and Ketapang Regencies, West Kalimantan. Wood samples were taken by drilling the trees stem by using a Drill tool to get a pencil-shaped sample of about 20 cm in length and 0.5 cm in diameter. Another sample in form of chips contain bark and wood were also extracted. The results showed that the average specific gravity of Gyrinops and Aquilaria was between 0.31 – 0.35, therefore it was included in the Strength Class IV. Chemical components of injured G. versteegii contained 50.74% holocelullose, 30.50% α-cellulose, 31.98% lignin, and 16.69% extractives. The composition of ray cells in G. versteegii was more complex than Aquilaria generas.
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