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Background: Newborn infants have an increased sensitivity to pain and are more reactive to pain than older children and adults. Nurses play a crucial role in assessing pain, implementing and evaluating interventions to minimize neonatal pain using available resources especially nonpharmacologic techniques. Aim of the study: to develop and apply an educational program on pediatric nurses regarding selected nonpharmacologic techniques to relieve pain in neonates. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the present study. The study was carried out at Minia University for Obstetric and Pediatric and General Hospitals at neonatal care units. A convenient sample of 41 nurses was included in this study. Educational program for nurses' was done through using the following data collection tools 1) Pre-designed questionnaire sheet, 2) Observation checklists sheet and 3) Educational and training program. Results: It was revealed that there was an obvious increase in the total mean scores of knowledge and practice in post and follow up program phase compared with pretest phase, with a very highly significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: The education program had a significant impact on pediatric nurses' knowledge and practices regarding selected nonpharmacologic techniques to relieve pain in neonates. Recommendations: A continuous training and educational program should be planned and offered on regular basis for nurses regarding nonpharmacologic techniques to relieve pain in neonates.

Egyptian mothers with autistic children have experienced psychological harm as a result of the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. Social distance prevented mothers with autistic children and their therapists from providing face-to-face assistance, preventing them from taking part in outpatient therapy, and preventing them from remaining at home. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of webbased education on mothers' anxiety regarding behavioral changes among their children with autism during the Covid-19 lockdown. Subjects and method: A purposive sample of 200 women with autistic children living in Sohag City, Egypt, participated in this study using a quasi-experimental research approach. Five tools were used in this study: A self-administered questionnaire, the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, The ASD Behavior Inventory, The Short Sensor, and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The link to the survey using the questionnaire, the scale, and the web-based education content was sent to the participants' mothers through Facebook and WhatsApp groups. Results: More than one-third of the participants in the study displayed an increase in repeated and constrained behaviors. Before the web-based education, mothers' anxiety was high; after the web-based education, it was low. Conclusion: The web-based education has a beneficial impact on lowering mothers' anxiety about behavioral changes in their autistic children during the Covid-19 lockdown. Recommendations: By offering mothers psychological assistance, web-based education about the behavioral changes seen in autistic children, COVID-19, and its preventive strategies should be taught to all mothers.

Background: Children who are undergoing surgical procedures experienced anxiety and pain, and they require both physically and psychologically preparation. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of animated stories for children undergoing surgical procedures on their preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain level. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in the present study. Subjects: The study included a purposive sample of 200 children from 5-9 years who were equally divided into two groups, the first was the control group and the second was the animated stories, intervention group. Setting: This study was carried out in pediatric wards of Port Said General Hospitals. Tools: An Interview Structured Questionnaire was developed by the researchers, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale was utilized for collecting the data. Results: Preoperative anxiety scores and postoperative pain were lower among children after animated story intervention than before. More than two-fifth of children in the animated stories intervention group were reporting hurts little bit pain on WBFS. Highly statistically significant difference was detected between the total mean score of postoperative intensity of pain scores among children undergoing surgical procedure on WBFS between animated stories intervention and the control groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: When compared to children in the control group who got regular hospital care, the animated storytelling method is an excellent distraction method for reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain among children undergoing surgery. Recommendations: Nurses who care for children should use animated stories as non-pharmacological management in addition to standard hospital programs for children undergoing surgical procedures to minimize preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain levels.