Background: Respiratory diseases in newborns are considered major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Its causes are diverse and require early detection and management. This study aimed for detection of the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory diseases in addition to outcome among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Our study was a prospective observational study that was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit of Qena University Hospital, Egypt from July 2017 to July 2018. Demographic and clinical data of newborns and their mothers were evaluated and tabulated. Results: In this period, 312 neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, out of them 145 suffered respiratory diseases giving a prevalence of (46.5%), and (55.9%) were males. The mean neonatal age at admission was 4.33 ± 7.19 days and mean gestational age was 34.49 ± 3.31 weeks. The most common detected respiratory diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; 49.6%), transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN; 22%), neonatal pneumonia (17.2%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS; 6.21%). Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), maternal diabetes and fetal prematurity had the highest risk factors for respiratory diseases occurrence in neonates. Neonatal mortality rate was 26.2%, mainly due to hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia. Conclusion: Respiratory diseases constitute major part of total admission in neonatal intensive care unit especially RDS, TTN, pneumonia and MAS. Prematurity and maternal diabetes were the most important risk factors associated with respiratory diseases. Respiratory distress syndrome carried the highest risk of mortality and TTN carried the highest survival rate.

Purpose To determine the bacteriological pattern and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates causing neonatal sepsis in Qena University Hospitals and compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood culture results in a trial for rapid diagnosis. Patients and methods Blood samples from 75 clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis were subjected to identification of bacteria and determination of their antibiotic sensitivity through blood culture, and rapid detection of 16S rRNA and the uidA gene (to confirm the presence of E. coli ) by PCR from extracted bacterial DNA. Results Most patients were preterm (64%) and low birth weight (LBW) (68%). In total, 42.7% presented with early onset sepsis (EOS). LBW was significantly associated with EOS ( P -value=0.03). Although the blood culture and PCR results were similar in EOS, the PCR results were significantly higher than those of blood culture in detecting bacteria (85.3% vs 68%, respectively, P -value=0.001). Blood culture showed 100% specificity. The most common pathogen was E. coli (86.2%) in EOS and Staphylococcus spp . (45.5%) in late-onset sepsis (LOS) ( P -value=0.001 and 0.02, respectively). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and amikacin, while vancomycin, oxacillin, and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion EOS was mainly caused by E. coli , while LOS was mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp . The 16S rRNA PCR showed higher sensitivity with rapid and accurate diagnosis. Blood culture is the most suitable method for antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

Oxidative stress may have a contributory role in the development of RDS among preterms. Lower birth weight and prematurity may increase the susceptibity to oxidative stress among such patients.

Background: One of the greatest prevalent chronic illnesses, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), affects around 50% of people globally. Early infancy is when this virus is most often contracted, particularly in developing nations. The frequency of H. pylori varies greatly across nations; in underdeveloped nations, 50% of children are infected by the time they become 10 years old. The beginning of several Gastro intestinal tract pathologies, including active persistent gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric carcinoma, extragastric symptoms, thrombocytopenic purpura, and anemia owing to inadequate iron reserves iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is discovered to be related with H. Pylori infections. A link between anemia and H. pylori infections is supported by a variety of data from epidemiological and clinical research.Objectives: To highlight connection between Helicobacter pylori infections and IDA in children, and to explore the mechanism of this association. Conclusion:Infection with Helicobacter pylori is substantially linked with iron deficiency anemia in children.

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