We propose two sets of diagnostic criteria to define the disease more precisely and to avoid confusion associated with the other classification. The first set comprises constant clinical and histopathological features that are always present in every case, and the second set includes associated features that were variably reported in some patients. LM is then subclassified according to the presence or absence of systemic manifestations into a systemic severe form (scleromyxedema) and a non-disabling, pure cutaneous form.

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), is an aquaglyceroporin, that plays a role in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and cell migration. This study aimed at evaluating the possible role of AQP3 in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) pathogenesis through its immunohistochemical expression in skin biopsies of these diseases. One-hundred and thirty cutaneous specimens were studied. These included 60 cases of NMSC and 40 normal skin and 30 psoriasis samples, from age- and gender-matched subjects, as a control group. AQP3 was expressed in 66.7% of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases and in 93.3% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Higher AQP3 expression (p = .01), expression percentage (p = .01), and H score (p = .04) were significantly associated with SCC compared to BCC. Normal skin and psoriasis showed significantly higher AQP3 expression (p = .001, p < .001, respectively), expression percentage (p < .001 for both), and H score values (p < .001, p = .001, respectively) compared to NMSC. Higher H score values in BCC were significantly associated with female gender (p = .02) and with nodular lesions (p > .001). Higher H score values in SCC were significantly associated with grade III tumors (p = .04) and AQP3 percentage of expression was significantly correlated with grade III tumors (r = .48, p = .009). In conclusion, AQP3 may play a role in NMSC pathogenesis. This probably occurs through aquaporin-mediated glycerol transport and ATP generation. Its downregulation, observed in the current work, is mostly a result of excessive proliferation. Further studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic effect of its inhibition in NMSC treatment.

Notwithstanding scientific advances, a significant number of the treatments in male infertility remained stayed vague. This study was aimed to study the impact of Alpinia Officinarum on sex hormones, serum antioxidant and biochemical markers in rats. Forty adult male rats, of (220 ± 10g) were partitioned into five groups (each consists of eight rats). The primary group was negative control group (-ve) and fed on basal diet only. The other four groups were subcutaneously injected with a single dose of lead acetate (200 mg/kg b.w) to reduce fertility, then were divided into 4 subgroups: including control positive group, and 2nd, 3rd and 4th subgroup were fed on basal diet with supplementation of dried A. officinarum at (5, 7.5 and 10%) respectively for two month. The results revealed that, supplementation with A. officinarum caused a significant positive effects on testes which due to a significant increase in the levels of serum total testosterones, Follicular stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels while Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was diminished. In addition, liver functions and serum lipid profiles were significantly improved compared to the positive control group. In conclusion: Our findings provide a scientific evidence to substantiate A. officinarum in improving fertility in human which may be due to its potent antioxidant properties and androgenic activities.

Increasing scientific evidence suggests potential adverse effects on children's health from synthetic chemicals used as food additives. Synthetic food colors are food additives are widely used as colorants in food. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of quinoa powder as nutraceuticals on lipids profile for young experimental rats exposed to chronic administration of synthetic food colores (azo dyes),chocolate brown (CH) or sunset yellow (SY). Seventy healthy young male albino rats "Sprague Dawley" strain weighing (90 ± 10g), were used and divided randomly into two main groups; the first main group (n=10 rats) was kept as (-ve) control group and fed on basal diet. The second main group (n =60 rats) were divided into 6 sub-groups (equal groups) and fed on basal diet as follow: The first three subgroups were fed on chocolate brown oral dose (0.3 mg/kg b.wt.) one was kept as a (+ve) control group, while the other two subgroups were fed on quinoa as powder mixed with the basal diet (5%, 10% respectively) as replacement from starch. The other three subgroups were fed on SY oral dose (2.5 mg/kg b.wt.) one was kept as a(+ve) control group, while the other two subgroups were fed quinoa as powder mixed with the basal diet (5%,10%respectively) as replacement from starch. At the end of the experiment (56 days), feed intake (FI), body weight gains (BWG%), feed efficiency ratio (FER)were finally calculated. Rats were sacrificed and relative weights of livers, kidneys, hearts, spleens were calculated, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis: T.C, T.G, LDL-C,VLDL-C and HDL-C. Moreover, histopathological changes of hearts were examined. The results indicated that chronic administration of synthetic food colors CH or SY recorded significant changes for all above biochemical parameters. While the treatment with quinoa powder revealed significant improvement in all of them. Histopathological examination supported these findings. It could be concluded that quinoa was effective in treatment dysfunction induced by azo dyes. This effect may be due to high content of phenolic compounds in quinoa. Key wards:azo dyes, chocolate brown, sunset yellow, quinoa, lipids profile.

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