Background: Breast cancer is a global health emergency and it is the principal reason of cancer related deaths in Developing Countries owing to the prevailing cultural beliefs and lack of awareness among women. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health belief model-based education about breast cancer on nursing students' knowledge, health beliefs and breast self-examination practice.Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Benha University, Benha city. A purposive sample of 104 nursing students were included in the study and divided into a study group (52) and control group (52). Three tools were used for data collection; first tool: self-administrated questionnaire to collect data about the subjects' socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge regarding breast cancer. Second tool: the health belief model scale. Third tool: an observation checklist to assess the nursing students' practice of breast self-examination.Results: A statistically significant differences were observed between the study and control groups regarding knowledge about breast cancer after educational intervention based on health belief model (t test = 19.53, P=0.000). The mean scores of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, cues for action, self-efficacy and total heath belief model were significantly higher in the study group compared to control group (P = 0.000). Moreover a statistically significant difference was observed between both groups regarding breast self-examination practice after educational intervention (t test = 31.266, P= 0.000).Conclusion and recommendation: The health belief model based education is an effective and efficient manner in enhancing girls’ breast self-examination practice and improving their knowledge level and health beliefs about breast cancer. Thus the current study recommends implementing health belief model based educational intervention about breast cancer at different stages of life and settings to reach all targeted women to fight the disease.

AIM: To assess the quality of life for women undergoing in vitro fertilization. SETTING: The study was conducted at Hawaa private center at Benha city. DESIGN:A descriptive design was used. A purposive SAMPLE of 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization in the stage of succeeded controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation. TOOLS of data collection consisted of an interviewing questionnaire sheet and Hopkins symptom checklist for measuring quality of life. RESULTS: More than two thirds of studied women were unsatisfied regarding physical fitness in the stage of succeeded controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation. Also in this stage, there was significant difference between age groups as regards the score percent of physical, social and psychological fitness. Also two thirds of the studied women were satisfied regarding social fitness during the stage of embryo transfer. CONCLUSION: In vitro fertilization had a bad effect regarding all domains in stage of succeeded controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation but studied women were more satisfied regarding physical, social and psychological fitness in stage of embryo transfer than stage of succeeded controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation. RECOMMENDATION: Developing training programs by faculty of nursing staff regarding in vitro fertilization for nurses who are working in fertility clinics to provide proper counseling services for the infertile couples.

Background: Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and fetal complications. Nurses have a significant role in counseling based on health literacy of women about proper lifestyle and health related skills in coping with gestational diabetes to prevent and reduce adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Aim: Evaluate the effect of counseling program based on health literacy model regarding gestational diabetes on maternal and fetal outcomes. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi-experimental one group pre-test, post-test design was used for this study. Setting: It was conducted at outpatient clinic at Obstetrics and Gynecological department in Benha University Hospitals. Subjects: A purposive sample of 171 pregnant women medically diagnosed with gestational diabetes was included in the study. Tools: Five tools were used for data collection: Tool (I) A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, Tool (II) Diabetic Attitude Scale, Tool (III) Diabetic Self-Care Practices sheet, Tool (IV) Self-administered Health literacy questionnaire and Tool (IIV) Assessment of Maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: There were a high statistically significant correlation between knowledge, selfcare practices of the studied pregnant women and counseling based on health literacy model pre and immediately post program, and significant correlation between attitudes and counseling based on health literacy model pre and immediately post program, High statistically significant relation between self-care practices and pregnancy complication and neonatal complication, significant statistically relation between self-care practices and labor complications during follow up at time of delivery Conclusion: Counseling program based on health literacy model regarding gestational diabetes has a positive effect on women's knowledge ,attitudes and self-care practices with favorable maternal & fetal outcomes. Recommendations: Development of a training program and evidence based interventions to provide a better view of the women health literacy promotion strategies related to gestational diabetes.

Background: Menorrhagia is a condition characterized by heavy menstrual bleeding during menstrual cycle and occurs when the women must change the pad within less than two hours or when the menstrual bleeding lasts up to 7days or more. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational guidelines on women's knowledge and self-care practices regarding menorrhagia. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was followed. Setting: The study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology out-patient clinic affiliated to Benha University Hospital. Sampling: A convenient sample included. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used, tool (I): A Structured interviewing questionnaire to assess demographic data, menstrual, contraceptive and family history, clinical data about menorrhagia and women's knowledge regarding menorrhagia. tool (II) women's self-care practices regarding menorrhagia to assess self-care practice of women with heavy menstrual period. Results: The study illustrated that less than one quarter of the studied women had good knowledge pre-educational guidelines while, nearly three quarter of them had good knowledge post-educational guidelines. More than one third of the studied women had satisfactory self-care practice regarding menorrhagia pre-educational guidelines while, more than three quarters of them had satisfactory self-care practices post-educational guidelines. Conclusion: The educational guideline had significant improvement on women's knowledge and self-care practices regarding menorrhagia post-intervention and follow-up phase. There was a positive statistical significant correlation between total knowledge and total self-care practices pre, post and follow-up phase. Recommendations: Design screening program for early detection of women with menorrhagia.

Background: Cardiac disease in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Effective management is based upon close fetal and maternal monitoring during pregnancy and labour. The aim of the present study was to evaluate maternity nurses’ performance regarding management of intrapartum woman with cardiac disease. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to fulfil the aim of the study. Sample: A convenient sample of a total 64 maternity nurses was included in the present study. Setting: The present study was conducted in Obstetrical and Gynecological Department at Benha University Hospital. Tools: Two tools were utilized for data collection. I-A structured interviewing questionnaire which include two parts; Part 1: Socio demographic characteristics. Part2: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge regarding cardiac disease during pregnancy and labour which includes Physiological changes of cardiovascular system during pregnancy. Causes and risk factors, etc. II-Maternity nurses' practice observational checklistwhich focus on management of cardiac women during labor including four stages of labour and Nursing care for moderate and high risk cases immediately after labour. Results: Shows significant improvement in nurses' knowledge 57.8% compared to 90.6% post intervention. Also, improvement is clear in satisfactory level of practice after intervention, in first stage for example was 32.8 % pre intervention compared to 87.5% post intervention. there were highly statistical significance differences between mean score of both knowledge and practice regarding management of intrapartum woman with cardiac diseases between the pre and post intervention phases (p<0.001).Conclusion: the study concluded that research hypotheses are supported and educational intervention had appositive effect on improvement nurses 'knowledge and practice and in turn their performance regarding management of intrapartum woman with cardiac diseases. Recommendation: Periodic educational program for nursing staff in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department regarding nursing care of cardiac patients.