Sargassum (F. Sargassaceae) is an important seaweed excessively distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.

Pregnancy in older women is associated with adverse birth outcomes, particularly in primigravidas. Increased health promotion is required to highlight the risk of adverse birth outcomes in women who become pregnant for the first time in the late childbearing years.

Several approaches have been dedicated to activate the cryptic gene clusters in the genomes of actinomycetes for the targeted discovery of new fascinating biomedical lead structures. In the current study, N-acetylglucosamine was used to maximize the chemical diversity of sponge-derived actinomycete Actinokineospora spheciospongiae sp. nov. HR–ESI–MS was employed for dereplication study and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis was applied to evaluate the HR–ESI–MS data of the different fractions. As a result, two new fridamycins H (1) and I (2), along with three known compounds actinosporin C (3), D (4), and G (5) were isolated from the solid culture of sponge-associated actinomycete Actinokineospora spheciospongiae sp. nov., elicited with N-acetylglucosamine. Characterization of the isolated compounds was pursued using mass spectrometry and NMR spectral data. Fridamycin H (1) exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity towards Trypanosoma brucei strain TC221. These results highlight the potential of elicitation in sponge-associated actinomycetes as an effective strategy for the discovery of new anti-infective natural products.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-018-0730-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Aims: to identify the metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus, Aspergillus terreus and to explore the antiviral activity of the identified metabolites against the pandemic disease COVID-19 insilico. Methods and results: herein, we reported the isolation of Aspergillus terreus, the endophytic fungus associated with soybean roots, which is then sub-cultured using OSMAC approach in five different culture media. Analytical analysis of media ethylacetate extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) was carried out. Furthermore, the obtained LC-MS data were statistically processed with MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Molecular docking studies were performed for the dereplicated metabolites against COVID-19 main protease (M pro). Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of eighteen compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Quinones, polyketides and isocoumarins were the most abundant classes. Multivariate analysis Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved revealed that Potato Dextrose Broth and Modified Potato Dextrose Broth are the optimal media for metabolites production. Molecular docking studies declared that the metabolites, Aspergillide B1 and 3a-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L showed the highest binding energy scores towards COVID-19 main protease (M pro) (-9.473) and (-9.386), respectively, and they interact strongly with the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) amino acid residues of M pro. Conclusions: a combination of metabolomics and in-silico approaches have allowed a shorter route to search for anti-COVID-19 natural products in a shorter time. The dereplicated metabolites, aspergillide B1 and 3α-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L were found to be potent anti-COVID-19 drug candidates in the molecular docking study. Significance and impact of the study: this study revealed that the endophytic fungus, Aspergillus terreus can be considered as a potential source of natural bioactive products. In addition to, the potential of Aspergillide B1 and 3α-Hydroxy-3, 5-dihydromonacolin L to be developed as phytopharmaceuticals for the management of COVID 19.

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