-The surgical treatment of the lesions located in the central lobe is a very difficult task for the neurosurgeon. The overall aim of this study is to verify the correlation of the coronal suture and the structures of the central lobe in 32 cadaver hemisphere brains and the importance of this information in surgical planning. The measurement of the nasion to the coronal suture ranged from 11.5 to 13.5 cm. The distance between the coronal suture in the midline to the central, precentral and paracentral sulcus ranged from 5.0 to 6.6, 2.5 to 4.5 and 1.3 to 4.0 cm respectively. Particularly in the normal cortex these measurements can be used to guide the surgical access. However, the identification of the central sulcus is not easy when the anatomical pattern is distorted or displaced by a lesion or edema. In cases such as these the use of other tools becomes crucial for good surgical planning and cortical mapping or awake craniotomy for a safer resection of the lesion as well.Key words: coronal suture, central lobe, central sulcus, motor cortex, preoperative planning. Relação entre a sutura coronária e o lobo central: qual a sua importância e como podemos usá-la no planejamento cirurgico?Resumo -o tratamento cirúrgico de lesões localizadas no lobo central é difícil para o neurocirurgião. o objetivo deste estudo é verificar a relação da sutura coronária com as estruturas do lobo central utilizandose de dissecção realizada em 32 hemisférios cerebrais de 16 cadáveres, assim como, a importância desta informação no planejamento cirúrgico. A medida da distância entre o nasion e a sutura coronária variou entre 11,5 e 13,5 cm. A distância da sutura coronária na linha média para os sulcos central, pré-central e paracentral variou de 5,0 a 6,6 cm, 2,5 a 4,5 cm e 1,3 a 4,0 cm respectivamente. o conhecimento destas medidas pode ser usado no planejamento cirúrgico principalmente num córtex normal. Porém, a identificação do sulco central é difícil quando as estruturas anatômicas estão deslocadas pela lesão ou quando há edema. Nestes casos a utilização de outros meios diagnósticos para o planejamento cirúrgico torna-se necessária, como também a estimulação cortical ou a craniotomia com o paciente acordado pode proporcionar uma ressecção mais segura da lesão.PAlAvrAs-cHAve: sutura coronal, lobo central, sulco central, córtex motor, planejamento pré-operatório. The central lobe is a site of a wide variety of lesions and sometime surgeons need to approach it directly, for example in the resection of gliomas. However, manipulation in an eloquent area increases the risk of pos surgical complications and deficits. A knowledge of the morphological relationship of this lobe and its relationship to the craniometric points and sutures facilitates the approach to the lesion preserving neurovascular structures [1][2][3][4][5][6] . exact and correct localization of the central sulcus becomes crucial.
-In recent years considerable technological advances have been made with the purpose of i m p roving the surgical results in the treatment of eloquent lesions. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative surgical outcome in 42 patients who underwent surg e ry to remove lesions aro u n d the motor cortex, in which preoperative planning by using neuroimaging exams, anatomical study, appropriate micro s u rg e ry technique and auxiliary methods such as cortical stimulation were perf o rmed. Tw e n t ytwo patients (52.3%) presented a normal motor function in the preoperative period. Of these, six developed transitory deficit. Twenty patients (47.6%) had a motor deficit pre o p e r a t i v e l y, nevertheless 90% of these improved postoperatively. Surg e ry in the motor area becomes safer and more effective with pre o perative localization exams, anatomical knowledge and appropriate micro s u rg e ry technique. Cortical stimulation is important because it made possible to maximize the resection reducing the risk of a motor deficit. Stereotaxy method was useful in the location of subcortical lesions.KEY WORDS: motor cortex, mapping, stimulation, stereotaxic techniques, preoperative planning.Estratégias para ressecção de lesões em área motora: resultados pre l i m i n a resem 42 pacientes operados RESUMO -Nos últimos anos, consideráveis avanços tecnológicos, principalmente métodos de localização funcional do córtex cerebral, têm surgido no sentido de melhorar os resultados cirúrgicos no tratamento de lesões em áreas eloqüentes. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os resultados pós-operatórios em 42 pacientes submetidos à ressecção de lesões em área motora, utilizando-se de planejamento com exames de neuroimagem, conhecimento anatômico, técnica micro c i r ú rgica adequada e métodos auxiliares a exemplo do estimulador cortical. Vinte e dois pacientes (52,3%) apresentavam força muscular normal no pré-operatório. Destes, seis apresentaram déficit motor transitório. Vinte pacientes (47,6%) tinham déficit motor no pré-operatório, mas 90% destes apresentaram melhora no pós-operatório. A ciru rgia em áre a motora se torna mais segura e eficaz com a utilização de planejamento pré-operatório baseado nos exames de imagem, conhecimento anatômico e técnica micro c i r ú rgica adequada. A utilização de estimulador c o rtical é importante para maximizar a ressecção minimizando o risco de déficit motor. A estereotaxia foi útil na localização de lesões subcorticais.PA L AV R A S -C H AVE: c ó rtex motor, mapeamento, estimulação, técnicas estereotáxicas, planejamento pré-operatório.
Strokes are one of the most common causes of mortality and long term severe disability. Risk factors for stroke include: age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and many others. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate obesity and hypertension in patients affected by acute ischemic stroke. METHOD: We compared the anthropometric variables between type II diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients. We evaluated a total of 60 patients, divided into two groups: 34 non-diabetic patients and a group of 26 type II diabetic subjects. RESULTS: The predominance of obesity, as well as hypertension, was very high among the studied groups, presenting no differences among the waist-hip ratio (WHR) values of the study group compared to the ones of the control group. CONCLUSION: The predominance of obesity was very high among the studied groups and there was prevalence the android type obesity. There was no significative difference in the anthropometric evaluation by the measurement of WHR and the waist in the groups.
Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in association with head and neck infectious process (Grisel’s syndrome) is a rare disease and poorly reported. The syndrome`s pathogenesis is unclear and several theories have been proposed to explain it. This paper report a 7 year old child with Grisel’s syndrome and the literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.
SINOPSEO surgimento de tumores é uma complicação tardia após irradiação craniana, e destes a maior parte corresponde a meningiomas intracranianos. O período de latência entre a exposição à radiação e o diagnóstico de um meningioma induzido por radiação varia com o período inicial de exposição à radiação e a dose total recebida. Os autores relatam dois casos de meningiomas resultantes de altas doses de radiação recebidas para tratamento de um PNET. Ambos os pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica do tumor, e a análise imunohistoquímica revelou se tratar de meningioma típico. Estes casos ilustram a importância do seguimento contínuo após irradiação craniana na população pediátrica. Palavras-chave: Meningioma, tumor induzido por radiação, radioterapia.ABSTRACT A late complication following cranial irradiation is the induction of tumors, most of which are intracranial meningiomas. The latency period between radiation exposure and diagnosis of radiation-induced meningioma varies with the timing of the initial radiation exposure and total radiation dose. The authors report two cases of meningiomas as a result of highdose irradiation received for a PNET. Both patients underwent surgical removal of the tumor and immunohistochemical examination revealed a benign meningioma. These cases illustrate the importance of continued follow up after cranial irradiation in the pediatric population.
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