Analisar e discutir sobre os principais métodos utilizados para monitorização neurológica em pacientes críticos nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da análise de literaturas na base de dados da PUBMED e na BVS, sendo elas: MEDLINE, LILACS e IBECS. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde em cruzamento com o operador booleano and, posteriormente, com a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados oito artigos para compor essa revisão. Resultados e Discussão: Conforme os achados qualitativos e quantitativos, os métodos mais empregados na monitorização neurológica nas unidades de terapia intensiva se dá por meio da utilização do eletroencefalograma, bioquímica metabólica, cateteres invasivos que registram a pressão intracraniana e o uso da pressão de perfusão cerebral, entre outros, para o monitoramento e acompanhamento dos pacientes graves. Considerações Finais: Em síntese, a monitorização neurológica é uma ferramenta imprescindível na avaliação e manejo de pacientes críticos, possibilitando a implementação de neuromonitoramento e possíveis diagnósticos precoces, e consequentemente, impulsionar a qualidade dos cuidados da assistência especializada aos pacientes críticos.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze the importance of recreational activities carried out in pediatric oncology; their contributions to the treatment and development of children. Methodology: Refers to a bibliographic review of the literature. The research was carried out in October and November 2022, using the LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF databases, using the descriptors oncology AND pediatrics AND play therapy. In the research, the following inclusion criteria were chosen: articles available in Portuguese and English, and through abstracts that had greater interaction with the objectives, published in the last ten years (2012-2022). Exclusion criteria: duplicate articles that were unrelated to the guiding theme. Results and Discussion: In addition, ludotherapy allows a combination of past experiences with current ones and future plans; due to the development and relationships between children, they share ideas regardless of age; so the act of playing flows a giant imagination and demonstrates their feelings that in some specific way lessens the sadness and possible sequelae, future traumas. In child oncology, care is differentiated by professionals, since when dealing with children, caution and delicacy must be exercised with each procedure performed. Also, the children's audience is vulnerable due to the pathology faced and the transformations resulting from the new phase. Final considerations: Therefore, the importance of recreational activities in child cancer treatment significantly adds to the child's intellectual stimulation, contributes to physical and emotional development. Thus, the hypothesis that ludic activity improves the quality of childhood cancer treatment and reduces the emotional consequences of development was confirmed, observing that treatment alone as a single factor does not transmit progression in its development and adaptation to routine to the child.

Objective: To carry out an epidemiological analysis of infant mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in the period from 2016 to 2020. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study, through the collection of data from secondary databases of a time series, through the System Information on Mortality, made available through the portal of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, and data were collected on the mortality of children aged 1 to 9 years, according to Brazilian regions, between 2016 and 2020. Results and Discussion: Observed Among the analyzed periods, the year 2017 presented the highest morbidity rates with 23.46% of cases and the year 2020 presented the lowest rates with only 15.19%. Among the regions, the northeast stood out, presenting 45.07% of the indices. Regarding the age group, the population from 1 to 4 years old presented the highest number of cases with a total of 67.39%. Conclusion: It was found that the northeast region of the country has the highest rate of childhood morbidity due to infectious and parasitic diseases, when compared to other regions of Brazil, due to social determinants, such as environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The age groups from 1 to 4 years are the most affected due to their immunological immaturity and there is a phase of oral experimentation common in this age group. Thus, the study encourages the implementation of new research to identify possible causes of the high prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Health services can take the opportunity to expand prevention and health promotion measures in order to eradicate such diseases.

Objectives: To analyze the incidence of congenital syphilis in Brazil from 2016 to 2020. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study by collecting data from the secondary databases of a time series, through the Mortality Information System, available through the DataSus portal. Data on congenital syphilis in Brazil during the period from 2016 to 2021 were included. Results and discussion: Primary care offers testing and treatment for syphilis during prenatal care, most infections by this agent are linked to maternal schooling, with a higher incidence when the pregnant woman has incomplete elementary school. Regarding the regional incidence, the Southeast and Northeast regions stand out, which allows associating care and social factors. With regard to social aspects, it is worth mentioning the low adherence of the partner to prenatal care, which leads to an increase in cases. Although the diagnosis and treatment of congenital syphilis are easily accessible and inexpensive, this pathology is still a major challenge in order to reduce the number of cases. Thus, health interventions become essential tools in order to reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis cases in Brazil. Final considerations: With the development of this research, it was possible to reiterate that the cases of Congenital Syphilis in Brazil had a decrease in the year 2021 compared to the other years studied, noting the need for a rigorous and thorough approach with the aim of prevention and early diagnosis. , to provide a better quality of life. Thus, the epidemiological study aimed to highlight the continued need for prevention strategies and early diagnosis of Congenital Syphilis, since the numbers of diagnosed cases found are still high as shown in the work.

Objetivo: Descrever acerca dos fatores de risco para pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em pacientes nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da análise nas bases de dados, disponíveis na BVS, sendo elas: MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e o IBECS. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) em cruzamento com o operador booleano and, sendo selecionado 11 trabalhos após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade para compor essa revisão. Resultados e Discussão: Evidenciou-se que entre os fatores predisponentes para para pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica nas unidades intensivas, sendo dividido em fatores de risco não modificáveis e modificáveis, sendo o primeiro relacionado ao paciente e o segundo a assistência, respectivamente. Fatores como idade, sexo masculino, comorbidades prévias, tempo de internação, balanço hídrico positivo e retenção gastrica. Além disso, tipo de tratamento, sedação e instrumentação das vias aéreas foram relacionados a um maior risco. Ademais, procedimentos invasivos para monitoramento, internações prévias, cirurgias e resistência medicamentosa, entre outros. Considerações Finais. Portanto, observa-se que entre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de pneumonia associados à ventilação mecânica, fatores individuais do paciente como idade, sexo, comorbidades, entre outros, e relacionados a assitencia, manipulação das vias aereas, procedimentos invasivos, uso de sedativos foram relacionados a maiores chances para o desenvolvimento desse evento adverso.Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco; Pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica; Unidades de terapia intensiva.