Analisar e discutir sobre os principais métodos utilizados para monitorização neurológica em pacientes críticos nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da análise de literaturas na base de dados da PUBMED e na BVS, sendo elas: MEDLINE, LILACS e IBECS. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde em cruzamento com o operador booleano and, posteriormente, com a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados oito artigos para compor essa revisão. Resultados e Discussão: Conforme os achados qualitativos e quantitativos, os métodos mais empregados na monitorização neurológica nas unidades de terapia intensiva se dá por meio da utilização do eletroencefalograma, bioquímica metabólica, cateteres invasivos que registram a pressão intracraniana e o uso da pressão de perfusão cerebral, entre outros, para o monitoramento e acompanhamento dos pacientes graves. Considerações Finais: Em síntese, a monitorização neurológica é uma ferramenta imprescindível na avaliação e manejo de pacientes críticos, possibilitando a implementação de neuromonitoramento e possíveis diagnósticos precoces, e consequentemente, impulsionar a qualidade dos cuidados da assistência especializada aos pacientes críticos.

Objective: To carry out an epidemiological analysis of infant mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases in the period from 2016 to 2020. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study, through the collection of data from secondary databases of a time series, through the System Information on Mortality, made available through the portal of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, and data were collected on the mortality of children aged 1 to 9 years, according to Brazilian regions, between 2016 and 2020. Results and Discussion: Observed Among the analyzed periods, the year 2017 presented the highest morbidity rates with 23.46% of cases and the year 2020 presented the lowest rates with only 15.19%. Among the regions, the northeast stood out, presenting 45.07% of the indices. Regarding the age group, the population from 1 to 4 years old presented the highest number of cases with a total of 67.39%. Conclusion: It was found that the northeast region of the country has the highest rate of childhood morbidity due to infectious and parasitic diseases, when compared to other regions of Brazil, due to social determinants, such as environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The age groups from 1 to 4 years are the most affected due to their immunological immaturity and there is a phase of oral experimentation common in this age group. Thus, the study encourages the implementation of new research to identify possible causes of the high prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases. Health services can take the opportunity to expand prevention and health promotion measures in order to eradicate such diseases.

Objective: To carry out an epidemiological survey of hospital morbidity due to child malnutrition from 2018 to 2021. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study through the collection of data from secondary databases of a time series, through the Hospital Information System of the SUS, made available through the DATASUS portal. Morbidity data due to child malnutrition in Brazil, aged 01 to 09 years, during the period from 2018 to 2021 were included. Results and Discussion: It was found that the Northeast region, followed by the Southeast region, reported the highest cases of child hospitalizations due to malnutrition, showing 1,973 and 1,636 cases respectively. Where, there is a propensity for males with 2,948 notifications, and females with 2,828, being mostly of brown, white and indigenous race, going at odds with what is evidenced in the literature, however, it is enlightening, given the number of underreporting in the databases of data. Regarding the age group, it mostly affects children from 01 to 04 years old, emphasizing the lack of weight and height, linked to the food deficit, which leads to consecutive infections and psychomotor deficiencies in children younger than 60 months. In addition, the findings confirm aspects of influence of social and economic discrepancies, which range from the political, educational, racial and historical complexions of the country, confirming their influence on children's nutrition and quality of life. Conclusion: It is noticed that socioeconomic vulnerability favors the prevalence of cases of child malnutrition, which is considered a public health problem related to sanitary conditions and level of education, common in emerging countries in male children. With this, it is necessary to implement public policies that reduce Food and Nutritional Insecurity and, consequently, malnutrition. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary actions are appropriate to maintain the lives of these children.