The technology and the installation of acid mine water treatment by bioaccumulation, is realized in three distinct stages, namely: the primary stage, consisting of raw water capture, treatment with neutralizing and coagulating chemical reagents, solid phase settling and sludge treatment, [I, II , IV, V], the secondary stage, consisting in the removal of heavy metals and the neutralization of acidity by passing the effluent of the first stage, through a battery of phytoextraction cells, [III],using for this purpose truncated cells. In the tertiary stage, the stabilization of heavy metals in the thickened clearing and the aerial part of the sedge takes place.

Pollution caused by closed mining activities is particularly difficult to treat because it dates back a very long time. Water contamination results from large-scale disturbance of the land on which the underground exploitation of the useful mineral substance took place. Discharges from underground mines can be treated as diffuse point sources; water quality is due to reactions that occur in an area that can cover tens of square kilometres. The main sources are groundwater, which increases after the pumping is stopped, and tailings stored in dumps and tailings ponds. When the mine closes, the pumps are stopped and the groundwater level rises until it reaches the surface or discharges into the aquifers above. Although discharges from wells and galleries are often the most visible sources, surface activities such as mineral processing, tailings and waste disposal are also a significant source of pollution. The river is located on the Barza gold-silver ore mining operation took place. The runoff waters present in this perimeter can transport contaminated sediments, where the tailings dumps are washed away by precipitation. The paper aims to identify the sources of surface water pollution in the Barza closed mining site that influences the quality of surface water.

The phytoremediation of polluted land in Romania is based on research on biodiversity, environmental protection, and the sustainable use of natural or man-made resources, carried out by universities and research institutes for over 30 years, synchronized with those at the European and global level. The aim of this paper is to establish the categories of pollutants with potential environmental, economic, and social impacts associated with mining in order to choose the optimal method of ecological reconstruction. In this regard, the Tismana quarry was mapped, the surface of the analysis plot was set at 50 m × 50 m, and the sampling depth was 0–20 cm; from each plot, two samples were collected. Out of a total of 121 analysis plots, ten susceptible plots were identified, from which 20 samples were collected and analyzed. The samples were analyzed by the UV-VIS spectrophotometer method—MLUV1720 and UV spectrometry—with a SHIMADZU UV 160U spectrophotometer; they indicated in only three analysis plots a pollution with phenols, Ni, Zn, Ni and HAP, the concentrations of which exceeded only the normal values, which does not affect the eaves threshold and intervention for the type of land use. Being point pollution, the phytoremediation of these soils can be achieved in a short time. The paper aims to present the situation of chemical pollutants in the Tismana quarry area, and to offer different ecological rehabilitation solutions depending on their presence.

Anthropic activities are characterised by benefits and drawbacks for the human being and the environment. In the last few centuries of the humankind, the industrial activity has increased exponentially due to massive industrialisation process. This evolution has augmented the use of land for industrial purposes, which in turn affected the quality of soil by polluting it with high levels of chemical contaminants. On the other hand, intensive agricultural activities involve the use of pesticides and fertilisers, which at the end of the day, also contribute to the contamination of the agricultural land. Soil may be contaminated as well by accidents which occur due to human activity. The land quality is essential to preserve the environment, and it is required to maintain the level of pollution within legal limits. If contaminant levels are above the legal limits, then a soil remediation action plan should take place. Very high costs are usually associated with soil remediation, and the best strategies should be adopted to optimise resources and costs. A methodology to derive remedial targets has been successfully used in the USA and adopted and adapted in various countries inclusive in the EU. Currently, Romania has started to follow specific steps to align with international practices regarding the management of contaminated land. Although this methodology is extensively used in western countries, its application in Romania is in its inception phase. Therefore, this paper intends to present the current situation in Romania regarding the contaminated sites and potentially contaminated sites, the risk assessment approach that should be followed and the related soil remediation strategies that could be implemented.

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