Carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract accounts for <2% of all cancers. Neuroendocrine tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct is very rare, and there are <200 cases reported since 1959. The preoperative diagnosis is infrequent (5.12%). The definite diagnosis relies on postoperative pathology which utilized immunohistochemistry study on many biomarkers to diagnose the histological subtypes of neuroendocrine neoplasms, such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase. When the primary tumor has no metastases, radical removal of the lesion appears as curative treatment. The treatment of the carcinoid syndrome or other functioning syndrome is the first priority. We report a case of a 12-year-old Mexican woman with neuroendocrine tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct (common bile duct neuroendocrine tumor) seen in our hospital. Resection of the common bile duct, cholecystectomy, end to side Roux-en-y hepaticojejunostomy, and portal lymphadenectomy was performed. A review of the pertinent literature was performed. Given the rarity of the disease, treatment principles are based mainly on retrospective series and case reports. We present the eighth case in adolescence in the literature.

Objectives: An increase in life expectancy is predicted for the general population and, by 2050, about one billion people will be older than 65 years. The Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence database estimates that 1.2 million people of this age will have cancer; this number represents 58% of new cases in the American population. This represents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment, given that some older people have multiple comorbidities and disabilities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 204 patients aged 65 years and over. All had a solid tumor that was diagnosed in a private hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: The median age was 72.2 years; the most frequent age group (48.5% of patients) was 65–75 years, and only a small percentage (4.4%) were aged > 85 years. The most common type of cancer was lung cancer (22.5%), followed by colorectal and urinary cancer. Most patients received cancer treatment after the disease diagnosis. Conclusion: There are no epidemiological studies of the older oncology population in Mexico. We believe it is necessary to perform larger studies to understand this population and to undertake actions to facilitate greater attention to patient diagnosis, treatment, and alleviation.

No abstract

Safety and effectiveness of BAVENCIO have not been established in pediatric patients. Geriatric UseLocally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Of the 344 patients randomized to BAVENCIO 10 mg/kg plus BSC in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial, 63% were 65 years or older and 24% were 75 years or older. No overall differences in safety or efficacy were reported between elderly patients and younger patients. PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION:Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions: Inform patients of the risk of immune-mediated adverse reactions requiring corticosteroids or hormone replacement therapy, including, but not limited to:• Pneumonitis: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for new or worsening cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath.• Colitis: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for diarrhea or severe abdominal pain.• Hepatitis: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for jaundice, severe nausea or vomiting, pain on the right side of abdomen, lethargy, or easy bruising or bleeding.• Endocrinopathies: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus.• Nephritis with Renal Dysfunction: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of nephritis including decreased urine output, blood in urine, swelling in ankles, loss of appetite, and any other symptoms of renal dysfunction.• Dermatologic Adverse Reactions: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of skin rash, itchy skin, rash with tiny spots and bumps, reddening of skin, blisters or peeling.Infusion-Related Reactions: Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of potential infusion-related reactions.Complications of Allogeneic HSCT: Advise patients of the risk of post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complications Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Advise females of reproductive potential that BAVENCIO can cause fetal harm. Instruct females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for at least one month after the last dose of BAVENCIO.Lactation: Advise nursing mothers not to breastfeed while taking BAVENCIO and for at least one month after the final dose.

Soft tissue sarcomas represent <1% of all neoplasms. Leiomyosarcomas comprise only 5–7% of cases, and only 2% of these are vascular. Vascular leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare and represent only 0.001% of all neoplasms, the venous type being up to 5 times more frequent. Arterial leiomyosarcomas most frequently affect the great vessels, being fatal in most cases. In the reported cases of arterial leiomyosarcomas, the most frequently affected site is the pulmonary artery. We present the clinical case of 2 patients (a 42-year-old woman and a 36-year-old man) with a diagnosis of arterial pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma that conditioned cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation. As it is an exceptionally rare neoplasm and with few cases reported in the literature, it is important to identify and describe this pathology which, due to the impossibility of offering surgical treatment, represents a therapeutic challenge.