The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies irrigation to the small intestine, ascending and a variable area of the transverse colon. Although medical imaging and surgical procedures have been widely developed in the last decades, the anatomy of the SMA using advanced imaging technology remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have used small sample sizes of cadaveric or radiological samples to propose a number of classifications for the SMA. In this study, we aimed to provide a more detailed description and useful classification of the SMA and its main branches [middle colic artery (MCA), right colic artery (RCA), and ileocolic artery (ICA)]. Samples (n = 50, 28 males and 22 females) were obtained from the repository of human cadavers located at the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Complutense University of Madrid. This sample was dissected by preclinical medical students and completed by two of the authors (Gamo and Jiménez). A second set of samples was obtained from a bank of computerized tomography (CT) (560 CTs, 399 males and 161 females) collected by the Radiology Department at the Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Spain. Based on the results obtained from these studies, we propose a new classification of four patterns for the SMA anatomy. Pattern I as the independent origin of the three main branches of the SMA (cadaveric 40 %; CT 73.69 %); Pattern II is subdivided in three sub-patterns based on the common trunks of origin: Pattern IIa, common trunk between RCA and MCA (cadaveric 20 %, CT 4.28 %); Pattern IIb, common trunk between RCA and ICA (cadaveric 32 %, CT 15 %); Pattern IIc, common trunk for the three main branches (cadaveric 0 %, CT 0.35 %); Pattern III, as the absence of RCA (cadaveric 8 %; CT 2.32 %) and Pattern IV, based on presence of accessory arteries (not found in any of the samples). Although the independent origin of the three colic arteries have been classically described as the most frequent, the right colic artery is responsible of major variations.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se quiere llamar la atención sobre la aparición de una "fíbula de rodilla" (Kniefibeln) en el yacimiento romano de Los Arroyos II en Hijes (Guadalajara); su presencia es muy significativa dado que se trata de un tipo propio de Europa central y este es el primer ejemplar conocido en la Península Ibérica. El estudio tipológico de los elementos materiales es imprescindible en la investigación arqueológica pero, más allá de su mera clasificación, deben ser considerados como parte de las prácticas sociales y como reflejo de las personas que los fabricaron y utilizaron. La presencia de esta fíbula en la Meseta, lugar muy alejado de los territorios centroeuropeos, puede indicar movimientos de personas, presumiblemente militares termestinos, entre los ejércitos que defendían el limes germánico y renano-danubiano. Esta conclusión está avalada no solo por los datos que aporta la arqueología, sino también por documentos epigráficos, lo que confirma la necesidad metodológica de manejar diferentes fuentes de información para abordar un mismo estudio histórico. Palabras clave: Fíbula de rodilla. Territorium de Tiermes. Ejército romano. Limes germánico y renanodanubiano. Datos arqueológicos y epigráficos.
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