Abstract:Mexico has had a non-state forest certification system under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) since it was initiated in 1993, and developed a new state-sponsored Mexican Forest Certification System (MFCS) that began in 2008. Several analyses have been made of FSC forest certification in Mexico, but none have summarized the new MFCS system or compared its standards with FSC. We compare the implementation of the non-state FSC market forest certification with the state-sponsored MFCS system in Mexico, and review literature on forest certification, focusing on all studies in Mexico. MFCS has had substantial enrollment of more than 902,802 ha by 2016, compared to 900,388 ha for the more-established FSC program. MFCS can be acceptable for stand-alone forest certification, and might be viewed as a stepwise path to FSC certification. The merits of both systems are analyzed in terms of standard content, likely sustainable forestry practices, access to markets, and community forestry enterprises.
El manejo forestal a través de la aplicación de tratamientos silvícolas adecuados permite lograr la persistencia, el rendimiento sostenido y la máxima producción de los bosques. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el incremento en volumen fustal de árboles de Pinus durangensis, a partir del análisis de los anillos de crecimiento mediante la técnica del análisis troncal en rodales sometidos a cuatro tratamientos silvícolas; los cuales fueron cortas de regeneración con árboles Padre (realizada en 2007), matarrasa, selección y de aclareo aplicados en el año 2010. Se estudiaron 16 árboles muestra de Pinus durangensis recolectados en sitios de 100 m2, distribuidos al azar por cada tratamiento. Para el análisis troncal, por individuo se obtuvo una rodaja a la base, otra a 1.3 m sobre el nivel del suelo y posteriormente cada metro hasta llegar a la punta. Se estimó el diámetro y la altura de los árboles cada dos anillos de crecimiento y se estimó el volumen, para finalmente conocer los incrementos (ICA e IMA) en intervalos de dos años. Los resultados de la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en el ICA e IMA en la mayoría de los tratamientos silvícolas evaluados. La matarrasa resultó ser la práctica con los mayores valores de ICA e IMA para todas las edades estudiadas.
Forest plantations and natural forests perform a relevant role in capturing CO2 and reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. The objective of this study was to compare the diameter increment, biomass and carbon accumulation in a plantation of Pinus durangensis and a naturally regenerated stand. The data were collected from 32 circular plots of 100 m2 (16 plots in the planted site and 16 in naturally regenerated area). At each plot, the diameter at the base (cm) and height (m) of all seedlings were measured using a Vernier and tape measure, and a seedling was destructively sampled collecting one cross-section at the base of the stump. The annual ring-width increment of each sampled seedling was recorded to obtain its diameter at the base and estimate annual aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation through allometric equations. The response variables were evaluated using mixed-effects ANOVA models. Results indicated that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on annual tree-ring width growth, biomass and carbon accumulation. The plantation seedlings showed significantly higher growth rates, biomass and carbon accumulation at most evaluated years. After 7 years of growth the lines of current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) in basal diameter for both the plantation and the natural regeneration have not yet intersected. Both forest plantations and naturally regenerated stands of the studied tree species may be suitable alternatives to promote CO2 capture and increase timber production.
The high demand for distilled agave products reduces wild populations. The use of geospatial technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer enormous benefits in spatial and temporal resolution and lower costs than traditional direct field observation techniques for natural resource monitoring. The objective was to estimate the green biomass (Wt) of Agave durangensis Gentry using high-resolution images obtained by a UAV in Nombre de Dios, Durango. Random sampling was performed in the agave area. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed, followed by a regression analysis. The results showed that NDVI was the most correlated (r = 0.65). The regression analysis showed that the model obtained explains 59% (RMSE = 32.06 kg) of the total variability in the estimation of green biomass (Wt) of agave using images derived from the UAV. The best estimate was achieved with B1, B2, NDVI, GNDVI, EVI2, and SAVI as predictor variables. High-resolution images were shown to be a tool for estimating Wt of Agave durangensis Gentry.
Los bosques templados requieren de un monitoreo periódico con el fin de lograr un manejo sustentable. Los sensores remotos permiten hacer estimaciones de manera indirecta bajo el supuesto de que existe una correlación estadística entre datos satelitales y parámetros forestales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar el área basal (G), el volumen forestal (Vta) y la biomasa forestal aérea (W) mediante datos espectrales del satélite Sentinel 2A en la Comunidad de San Bernardino de Milpillas Chico, Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. Se realizó un análisis de correlación entre información dasométrica procedente de 22 Sitios Permanentes de Investigación Forestal y de Suelos (SPIFyS) e información espectral de alta resolución del sensor Sentinel 2A. Posteriormente, se generó un modelo de regresión múltiple para cada parámetro forestal. El coeficiente de correlación (r) más alto se observó en el NDVI con valores de 0.77, 0.68 y 0.76 para los parámetros forestales de Vta, G y W, respectivamente. Los modelos desarrollados explicaron 59 % de la varianza total observada en el Vta (RCME=57.60 m3 ha-1), 58 % en W (RCME=39.29 Mg ha-1), y 51 % en G (RCME=4.40 m2 ha-1). El NDVI fue la principal variable predictiva en los tres modelos. Los datos de Sentinel 2A con resolución de 10 m en combinación con información dasométrica derivada de SPIFyS mostraron una buena capacidad para el mapeo de parámetros forestales en bosques templados.
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