PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the internationalization process (IP) of retailing firms from emerging markets and to determine a new focus and/or modifications if necessary in the established Western‐based theories.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows an exploratory approach utilizing qualitative multiple case studies. Data are collected through eight in‐depth interviews with senior managers of four Turkish retail firms in textile and ready‐to‐wear industry. An inductive approach is followed.FindingsIt is found that internal drivers, home and host country characteristics and matching have an impact on the IP of retail firms from emerging markets. A table is formed to compare and contrast IP in the context of developed country, emerging market, and Turkish retail firms. Also a model is proposed to understand the IP of Turkish retail firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed model of IP for Turkish retail firms provides an initial point for building theory in this quite new area of research.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first attempts to study the IP of Turkish retail firms, but it does not intend to claim generalizability to all emerging country firms.

In an age of rapid technological advancement, the increasing need for energy and its related services to satisfy economic and social development has become a critical concern of national governments worldwide. This has triggered researchers to work on metrics for tracking and tracing energy sustainability in order to provide monitoring mechanisms for policy makers. In this regard, multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are becoming more popular to deal with the multidimensional and complex nature of sustainability. We have proposed an extended and revised version of the grey relational analysis (GRA) method, which is integrated with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to develop a new composite index for comparing the overall energy sustainability performances of 35 OECD member countries. Our case study revealed the performances of selected countries by providing their strengths and weaknesses based on determined criteria as well as the level of change in performances with different criteria weights. The proposed GRA model can be used in different applications of sustainability due to its flexible nature, which provides benefits from goal-oriented extensions in order to adequately capture different aspects of sustainability.

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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to profile young Turkish consumers by segmenting them over internet addiction.Design/methodology/approachTo profile the segments, the study analyses the internet addiction and its preceding factors among 313 Turkish high school internet user students, aged 15‐18 years old, selected on a convenience basis. The data of this descriptive study were collected by a structured questionnaire. The relationship among internet addiction and the preceding factors; demographics, internet use hours, purpose of internet use, other media consumption, gratification of internet use are examined.FindingsTV consumption, internet use hours, three purposes of internet use factors as “social navigation”, “targeted navigation”, “download”, besides four gratification factors namely “diversion and means”, “improve one self”, “virtual relationship”, “virtual community” were found to explain 40 percent of variation in internet addiction. The model was tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). Then the students were clustered based on internet addiction and were profiled by the preceding factors as defined in the resulting model.Research limitations/implicationThe research is limited to young people in Turkey using a convenience sample with a questionnaire methodology. Future research could extend the cultural base and utilize other methods.Originality/valueThis is a pioneering study for internet use in Turkey. In the near future, an increase in Internet use will be expected. The paper helps Turkish marketers be aware of the Internet use experience of their young consumers.