Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to the combination of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and acute upper and lower respiratory tract reactions to the ingestion of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) and other cyclooxygenase-1 inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AERD affects 0.3-0.9 % of the general population. AERD generally occurs due to abnormalities in mediators and expression of arachidonic acid biosynthesis. Local IgE responses to staphylococcal enterotoxins may also be responsible for eosinophilic activation in the nasal polyp tissues of AERD patients. Clinical features of AERD include the onset of nasal congestion with anosmia, progressing to chronic pansinusitis and nasal polyps that regrow rapidly after surgery. Aspirin desensitization, Leukotriene-modifying agents, biologic agents, management of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis are recommended as treatment modalities. Immunotherapy is prescribed only to those AERD patients who experience clear seasonal or perennial allergy symptoms in addition to the symptoms attributable to chronic nasal polyposis. There are also investigational and dietary therapies. In this review, the important aspects of AERD will be presented, along with a literature survey.

Intranasal corticosteroids have been used in adenoidal hypertrophy and adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients, decreasing rates of surgery for adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

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Adenoids, also called nasopharyngeal tonsils, are lymphoid tissues located in the posterior-superior wall of the nasopharynx. Adenoids are prominent in early childhood, and atrophy occurs after age 16. However, regressive adenoidal tissue may show re-proliferation in response to infection or irritants. This makes discrimination between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue difficult. There are many articles about the adenoid-nasopharynx ratio (ANO) in children. However, there is no information on this rate in adulthood. Nasopharynx may be affected by environmental and personal factors such as posterior wall tissue thickness infections, seasonal allergic agents. For this reason, nasopharynx in association with seasons is intended to show normal data for posterior-superior wall thickness. Between August 01 2015 and July 31 2016, files of patients over 18 years of age with lateral cervical radiography were screened. The lateral cervical graphs of 720 patients, 60 patients per month, were evaluated. According to the seasonal variation of ANO ratio, there was no significant difference between summer and autumn, but there was a significant difference between all seasons. The highest rate was found in the winter, the lowest rate in the summer. These results indicate that adenoid tissue is thickened due to upper respiratory tract infections in winter and allergy in spring. Keywords: adenoid-nasopharynx ratio, adult, lateral cervical graphy, allergy. Öz: Nazofaringeal tonsil olarak da adlandırılan adenoidler nazofarinks posterior-süperior duvarda yerleşmiş lenfoid dokulardır. Adenoidler erken çocuklukta belirgindir, 16 yasından sonra atrofiye uğrarlar. Ancak enfeksiyon ya da irritanlara cevap olarak regrese adenoidal doku re-proliferasyon gösterebilir. Bu yüzden nazofaringeal karsinom ve bening nazofaringeal lenfoid doku arasında ayırım yapmak güçleşir. Çocuklardaki adenoid-nazofarenks oranı (ANO) hakkında birçok makale vardır. Ancak erişkinde bu oran hakkında bilgi yoktur. Nazofarenks posterior duvar doku kalınlığı infeksiyon, mevsimle ilişkili alerjik ajanlar gibi çevresel ve kişisel faktörlerden etkilenebilir. Bu nedenle, erişkinde mevsimle ilişkili olarak nazofarinks posterior-süperior duvar kalınlığı için normal verileri göstermeyi amaçladık. 01.Ağustos 2015-31 Temmuz 2016 tarihleri arasında lateral servikal grafi çekilmiş 18 yaş üstü hasta dosyaları tarandı. Her ay için 60 hasta olmak üzere 720 hastanın lateral-servikal grafileri değerlendirildi. Mevsimlere göre ANO oranı değişkenliğine bakıldığında Yaz-sonbahar arası anlamlı fark saptanmadı onun dışında tüm mevsimler arasında anlamlı fark bulundu. En yüksek oran kış mevsiminde,en düşük oran yaz mevsiminde tespit edildi. Bu sonuçlar bize kış mevsiminde üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına bağlı, bahar aylarında ise allerjiye bağlı adenoid dokunun kalınlaştığını göstermektedir.