Inadequate sleep may have strong adverse consequences for psychosocial health and everyday functioning (Shochat, Cohen-Zion, & Tzischinsky, 2014), with young people being especially vulnerable to such consequences (Schwarz et al., 2019). Young people with poorer quality of sleep report significantly more psychological health problems than those with good-quality sleep (Gregory et al., 2011; Lund, Reider, Whiting, & Prichard, 2010; Sin et al., 2017). Symptoms of psychological distress co-occur with unusual sleep experiences; 29.0% of patients with a parasomnia reported some form of depression (Vandeputte & de Weerd, 2003), and recent research suggests that a person diagnosed with a sleep disorder is at 2.3 times greater risk of developing depression (Byrne, Timmermann, Wray, & Agerbo, 2019). Sleep disorders may be underdiagnosed and are relatively common complaints among young adults. In one large national study of over 50,000 students, rates of insomnia increased from 2011, with 34% of women and 22% of men reporting insomnia (Sivertsen et al., 2019). A large study from the USA suggested that 36% of students reported symptoms and were at risk of developing at least one sleep disorder (Petrov, Lichstein, & Baldwin, 2014). One such potential parasomnia that has been significantly under-researched, especially

Background: This article describes a protocol for a qualitative study to explore experiences and views and experiences of loneliness and social isolation in young adults, in Ireland. Methods: A youth Research Advisory Group will be consulted on the development of study materials. Our data collection methods will be guided by participant preferences, with potential participants choosing between virtual interviews, focus groups, and an online survey including the open-ended questions contained in the interview/focus group schedule. The data will be analyzed using framework analysis. Discussion: This protocol highlights methodological considerations relevant to a qualitative research study co-designed with young adults. Study findings will be relevant to mental health policy makers and other stakeholders involved in youth mental health.

BackgroundLoneliness refers to the distressing feeling that accompanies the experience of perceiving the quantity or quality of one’s social relationships as inadequate (1). There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of loneliness in young adults. Despite this, there is no existing scoping review on loneliness in young adulthood. Young adults (18-25 years) are in a critical life stage involving diverse social, demographic, biological and cognitive transitions which may affect the development of loneliness. Evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poorer mental and physical health further emphasises the need to understand the experience in this age group. Therefore, the aim of our scoping review is to provide a summary of the quantitative and qualitative literature on loneliness in young adulthood. MethodsThe proposed scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature in the form of reports or difficult-to-locate studies will be identified by: (a) electronic database searching, (b) contacting national and international researchers in the field, and (c) by posting general requests for relevant information on Twitter. We will include all study designs published in English from 2000 to 2021 where loneliness (defined as subjective) is a key focus of the work and the mean age of participants is ≥ 18 and ≤ 25 years. Editorials, commentaries, opinion pieces, dissertations, and book chapters will be excluded. Articles will be selected for inclusion following screening of titles/abstracts succeeded by full-text screening. Results will be presented in a narrative form to provide a descriptive summary of the literature on loneliness in young adults.DiscussionThe results of this scoping review will provide an up-to-date overview of available research related to loneliness in young adults and will inform our future research in the area. Results will be shared through a peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. RegistrationThis protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) available at: https://osf.io/jfcmp.

Background Obesity can be a significant challenge to health and quality of life (QoL). Bariatric surgery assists with weight loss and may help improve QoL. However, not all patients benefit from surgery. Personality traits may be related to QoL outcomes after bariatric surgery, but these associations are unclear. Purpose This research reviews the published literature on the associations between personality and QoL among post‐operative bariatric patients. Method Four databases (CINAHL Complete, Medline with Full Text, APA PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched from inception until March 2022. Forward searching was conducted using Google Scholar, and backward reference citation searches were also performed. Results Five studies met inclusion criteria yielding data from N = 441 post-bariatric patients including both pre/post and cross-sectional designs. Higher agreeableness was related to lower overall health-related QoL (HRQol) and gastric HRQol and positively associated with psychological HRQol. Higher emotional stability was positively related to overall HRQol. Higher impulsivity was negatively associated with mental HRQol and was unrelated to physical HRQol. Effects for the remaining traits were either mainly mixed or null. Conclusion Personality traits may be associated with HRQol outcomes. However, it is difficult to reliably discern the role of personality traits for HRQol and QoL outcomes given the methodological issues and few published studies. More rigorous research is needed to address these issues and clarify possible associations.

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