This study examined the effect of implementing Nine Year Basic Education (9YBE) policy on secondary school internal efficiency. The study followed descriptive design. Data on students’ enrolments and repetitions for consecutive school years, cohort 2014/15 and 2017/18, were collected from all five lower secondary schools in Ngoma and Tumba Sectors using survey questionnaire. Besides, focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect views of head-teachers on the study variables. The reconstructed cohort flow analysis technique was used to determine indicators of internal efficiency. Summary statistics are presented in tables. Qualitative data from FGDs were analysed through thematic content analysis with consideration of similarities and differences. The findings revealed (i) a positive change in students' promotion and repetition rates, (ii) students’ survival rate to the last grade increased to 69.39% for the cohort 2017/18 from 50.72% for the cohort 2014/15 and (iii) wastage ratio declined from 1.62 for cohort 2014/15 to 1.33 for cohort 2017/18. Thus, school efficiency rose to 75.19% in 2017/18. Head-teachers attributed the positive change in internal efficiency indicators to the combination of 9YBE interventions including removal of school fees, school feeding, and flexibility in student progression and increasing day secondary school in proximity of home. However, persistent high dropout rates indicated that the implementation of 9YBE policy had not alleviated all disruptive forces against students’ participation rates. It was therefore suggested to relook at policy interventions to address individual students’ challenges at school and household levels and the management of older children in the school system.

The celebration of the 500th Protestant Reformation Jubilee in 2017 has boosted the creation of an international network of Protestant institutions named GPENreformation, which currently brings together more than 46,000 schools and universities from all over the world of which more than half the members are from the African continent. These institutions join in different educational activities which allow the sharing of experiences through, for instance, short or long-term global learning projects. The article explores lessons learnt by protestant educationists in the Global South members of GPENreformation through a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that participants find the network as an open space and dialogue among schools in the Global South and North. Moreover, the network has contributed to the change of perspectives from a closer nationalism to more open international perspectives. The GPENreformation has likewise engineered the regional networks contributing to actions and reflections of peace and values in the Global South. However, inequality of school resources and asymmetric understanding of partnerships should be reflected in the GPENreformation.

The study aims to explore teacher educators’ beliefs about role modelling in teacher education in Rwanda. This study hopes to contribute to filling the gap created by limited empirical study available on teacher educators and the relevance of role modelling for high quality teacher training. The study was designed as an exploratory qualitative research using semi-structured interviews of 20 purposively and conveniently selected teacher educators. Content analysis was used to analyze collected data. The findings reveal that participating teacher educators believe that role modelling is an important component in the process of teaching teachers. Moreover, participants hold beliefs about role modelling as implicit exemplar practices and behavior. They think that teaching teachers involves not only providing knowledge but also serving as a good example in both teaching practices and behavior at training institutions as well as in the society. The study concludes that both implicit and explicit modelling should be included in the overall reflections of policy, research and practice of pedagogy of teacher education and especially in the professional development of teacher educators. Further empirical studies are recommended about the implications of implicit modelling on student teachers’ learning outcomes.

ZusammenfassungChancengleichheit ist in der Bildung einer der wichtigsten Faktoren für nachhaltige Entwicklungsziele. Trotz der quantitativen Verbesserungen beim Zugang zu Bildung in Entwicklungsländern ist die Minimierung von Ungleichheiten bzgl. des Zugangs zur Bildung -bei der Beteiligung und bei den Lernmöglichkeiten -ein wichtiger Schlüssel zur Bildungsentwicklung. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Struktur der Bildungspolitik und ihren Auswirkungen auf die Chancengleichheit durch die Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Bildungsträgern in Ruanda. Anhand einer Analyse des Bildungsgesetzes wird die Governance im Bildungswesen als ein gemischter Rahmen aus Zentralisierung und regelungsorientierter Partizipation konzeptualisiert. Offensichtlich vertritt die Existenz von Governance-Gremien unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse und fördert somit die Bildungsgerechtigkeit. Der Artikel regt weitere wissenschaftliche Analysen und politische Überlegungen zu Bildungsgovernance und Gerechtigkeit in Ruanda an.