ADHF is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that usually leads to hospitalization due to a combination of interconnected renal dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, and vascular compliance. Hospitalizations from ADHF are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, with about half of the patients on readmission within six months and short-term cardiac mortality. Importantly, the overall long-term outcome is still poor, combining rates of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Managing these patients remain a challenge, with an emphasis on end-organ perfusion (coronary and renal), primarily volume control and reduction of vascular resistance.

Alcohol withdrawal is a clinical state characterized by symptoms such as tremors, tachycardia, sweating, nausea and vomiting, headache, malaise, insomnia, grand mal convulsions amongst others. Patients typically present acutely with a history of recent cessation or reduction of heavy alcohol use after a long period of repeated, persistent use. It may feature perceptual disturbances such as illusions or hallucinations. It may present with delirium in a condition known as delirium tremens, which typically occurs after recent cessation or reduction of very heavy alcohol use in patients with a long-standing history of alcohol dependence syndrome, who may also have coexisting medical conditions. We herein report a case of a 40 year old man, with a 12-month history of persistent alcohol use, who presented with classical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal including inability to sleep, excessive sweating, tachycardia, vomiting, and hallucinations. There is no associated history of convulsions or co-morbid medical conditions. Features of this case are discussed, as well as evaluation and treatment of alcohol withdrawal.

Foreign body in the esophagus is a common emergency presentation. A thorough history and systematic examination are followed by relevant investigations in the treatment of a patient with a foreign body in the esophagus.  However, there is considerable disagreement about which treatment option is best for such patients. This review aims to develop a comprehensive approach towards patients presenting with foreign body ingestion by creating clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines, which are based on a review of the literature, cover not only the initial assessment of the patient but also the various management options and their benefits, limitations, and suitability for use in different situations.

A look into socioeconomic status (SES) associations with delayed diagnosis of sickle cell disease (SCD) is necessary to improve societal norms, governmental health policies, and strategies. A person's social standing in a society is generally governed by the combination of his education, profession, and income, which is regarded as his SES. Considerable evidence establishes the likelihood of individuals from low SES suffering from the disease, cognitive problems, and increased mortality (Lubeck et al., 2019, National Research, 2004). Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common severe genetic hemoglobinopathies recognized by the World Health Organization as a global public health problem. Socioeconomic status (SES) is an individual's social or economic standing and measures an individual's or family's financial position or rank in a social group. Current guidelines and management algorithms of SCD do not factor in the effect of SES on patients with SCD. There needs to be more literature regarding the role of SES and its impact on clinical outcomes and characteristics of SCD. Studies have shown that lower SES is linked to disproportionate access to health care in many diseases, and of all the factors that measure SES, income was the most indicative.

Sustained ventricular tachycardia is a ventricular rhythm greater than 100 bpm usually lasting more than 30 seconds. It manifests with a broad QRS tachyarrhythmia which has a similar QRS configuration. This happens from one beat to another, showing a similar chain of ventricular depolarization for every beat. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia has its origin from a stable focus. However, in conditions like structural cardiac disease, the substrate is the place that has patchy replacement fibrosis because of infarction which may originate functional reentry or anatomical pathways. Symptoms of VT rely on the underlying heart function, and rate of arrhythmia. The prognosis depends on the existing heart disease and the first treatment always follows advanced cardiac life support.