Complications of prophylactic splenectomy are rare and less frequent than reported episodes of variceal bleeding. In the presence of asymptomatic SVT splenectomy should be considered during pancreatic resection to facilitate surgery and to avoid further variceal bleeding.
SUMMARY:Aplasia of the common crus is an uncommon congenital anomaly. We present the case of a patient with common crus aplasia and discuss the relevant embryology and the role of 3D CT in evaluation of this rare congenital anomaly.M ost of the patients who present with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) do not demonstrate an imaging abnormality. 1 Only 39% of patients with congenital SNHL have a documented imaging abnormality, with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome being the most common of the congenital anomalies to be identified on imaging. 2 Congenital anomalies of the semicircular canals can result in SNHL. Dysplasia of the lateral semicircular canal has been reported to be the second most common cause after large vestibular aqueduct syndrome to be so associated. 3 Common crus aplasia is an uncommon congenital anomaly. 4,5 We report the case of a patient with common crus aplasia and review the underlying pathogenesis. Case ReportA 25-year-old man, a Mexican immigrant, presented to our otolaryngology clinic with difficulty in hearing. The patient's previous medical records could not be traced. On questioning, the patient reported worsening hearing loss since birth. On examination, bilateral SNHL was noted. There were no other features to suggest an association with any syndrome. The patient was referred for a high-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone. Axial and coronal 2D CT scans demonstrated dilated dysplastic lateral semicircular canals with possible dysplastic vestibules bilaterally (Fig 1). Corresponding 3D axial and coronal CT scans confirmed the presence of dilated dysplastic lateral semicircular canals and dysplastic vestibules. However, the 3D CT images raised the possibility of bilateral absence of the common crus, which was not noticed during the initial interpretation on the conventional 2D CT scans (Fig 2). A 3D volume-rendered CT image confirmed bilateral common crus aplasia (Fig 3). DiscussionThe 3 semicircular canals-superior, posterior, and laterallie in orthogonal planes with respect to each other. The posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal share a common limb, the common crus, which is formed by the fusion of the posteromedial end of the superior semicircular canal and the anteromedial end of the posterior semicircular canal. 4 From the point of joining, the common crus runs medially for a length of approximately 4 mm at an oblique angle of approximately 60°to the axial plane until it opens into the superomedial portion of the vestibule.Dysplasia of the semicircular canals is a frequent congenital inner ear malformation, with abnormalities of the lateral semicircular canal being the most commonly identified anomaly noted on imaging. 6 Absence of the common crus or common crus aplasia is uncommon. However, it is one of the known associations of Goldenhar syndrome. 5 Common crus aplasia is usually associated with dysplasia of the lateral semicircular canal. This association can be understood if one is familiar with the embryology of the semicircular canals...
Mit 10 AbbildungenSeit Einführung der renalen Angiographie hat die differentialdiagnostisehe Beurteilung von pyelographisch nachweisbaren Veranderungen am Nierenhohisystem, die man unter dem Sammelbegriff ,,Kontrastmittelaussparungen" zusammenfassen kann, eine weitgehende Vervollständi-gung erfahren. Gefäßbedingte Veränderungen, die bisher häufig als Grenzbefunde angesehen oder z. T. auch fehlgedeutet wurden, lassen sich jetzt meist ohne größere Schwierigkeiten abgrenzen.Da für die Beurteilung gefäßbedingter Kontrastmittelaussparungen am Nierenhohisystem die Kenntnis des mutmaßlichen Gefäßverlaufes einschließlich der verschiedensten Variationen von Wichtigkeit ist, sei hier kurz darauf eingegangen. Die arterielle Gefäßversorgung der Nieren richtet sich nach ihrem segmentalen Aufbau. Die Nierenhauptarterien entspringen gewöhnlich in Höhe des 1. bis 2. LWK aus der Aorta und ziehen dann entsprechend der Nierenlage aszendierend, horizontal oder deszendierend, manchmal auch bogenförmig verlaufend zum Nierenhilus und teilen sich hier meist in einen ventralen und dorsalen Hauptast (primäre Äste). Von diesem gehen dann die als sekundäre Äste bezeichneten Segment-bzw. Subsegmentarterien ab und übernehmen die Versorgung der einzelnen Pyramiden (Boijsen). Da jedoch mannigfaltige Verlaufsvarianten vorkommen, ist diese Einteilung nur als grobes Schema zu betrachten.Die Nieren werden nämlich außerdem in etwa 20 bis 40% von sog. akzessorischen Nierenarterien versorgt. Edsman fand bei 625 angiographisch untersuchten Patienten in 33,9% Varianten in der arteriellen Gefäßversorgung. Ein signifikanter Unterschied der rechten gegenüber der linken Seite konnte dabei nicht beobachtet werden. Vogler und Herbst sahen bei 400 normal 46 Röntgerifortschritte 97, 6Heruntergeladen von: NYU. Urheberrechtlich geschützt.
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