Pathology is an important discipline which can make the definitive diagnose of the lesions and help surgeons for the treatment of the lesions. Biopsy materials taken from the oral maxillofacial area are examined by pathologists and the results helps the surgeon to identify the characteristic of the lesion and possible treatment modalities of lesions. This study includes the biopsy results taken from the patients referred to Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery between the years of 2005-2011. Four hundred and seventy-nine biopsy results were included in this study. As the result of this study 96.9% (n=464) biopsy were benign lesions, 3.1% (n=15) were malign lesions, 25.2% (n=121) were infection cyst, 13.3% (n=64) were developmental cyst, 3.5% (n=17) were non -odontogenic cyst, 5.4% (n=26) were benign odontogenic tumor, 8.7% (n=42) were benign non-odontogenic tumor, 37.1% (n=178) were benign re-active lesions, 3.3% (n=16) were benign fibro-osseous lesion. In our country, patients who are complaining about lesions in their oral cavity are referred either to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery or to the department of otolaryngology clinics instead of oral and maxillofacial departments. This can be the possible reason for the low rate result of malign lesion in this study.