Pneumatization of the intranasal turbinates or concha bullosa is an anatomic variation of the lateral nasal wall. Concha bullosa is defined as the presence of air cells in turbinates. It can be best diagnosed with paranasal sinus computed tomography. Concha bullosa is a possible etiologic factor for recurrent sinusitis due to its negative effect on paranasal sinus ventilation and mucociliary clearance. Concha bullosa is most commonly seen in the middle turbinate and less frequently in the inferior or superior turbinate. Pneumatization of all turbinates is very rare. To our knowledge, there are only two publications about a case with concha bullosa in all turbinates in the current literature. Here, we present a woman with bilateral pneumatization in all three intranasal turbinates.

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep endoscopy findings, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or the Epworth sleepiness scale in patients and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients with symptoms of OSAS were searched, and their polysomnography findings, Epworth sleepiness scales and sleep endoscopy findings were recorded. Those who were diagnosed with mild, moderate or heavy OSAS were included in the study. Patients included in the study were observed under sedative-induced sleep in the operation room using flexible nasopharyngoscopy. The obstruction levels and degrees were recorded and compared with other variables. Of the 88 patients included in the study, 67 (76.1 %) were male, and 21 (23.9 %) were female. The mean age (±standard deviation) of all 88 patients was 43.77 ± 10.07 years (range 21-65 years). Sleep endoscopy findings were classified as uvulopalatal, lateral pharyngeal, tongue base and laryngeal collapses. The Epworth sleepiness scale showed no significant correlation with the sleep endoscopy findings. No significant relationship was found between the AHI and collapses in the uvulopalatal, lateral and laryngeal zones (p > 0.05). However, tongue base collapse was correlated with AHI (p < 0.05). AHI increased with the degree of collapse in the tongue base. No meaningful relationship was noted among the Epworth sleepiness scale, AHI, and number of involved zones (p > 0.05). The degree of collapse in the related zones was not meaningfully associated with AHI, which is accepted as the indicator of disease severity.

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Abstract-In this paper we investigate how ambient displays can be used to share context information. Currently, many personal devices provide context information, such as location or activity, and at the same time the number of ambient displays is increasing. We developed two prototypes for visualizing contextual information and initially explored the suitability of these in an online study. Additionally, we investigated which parameters are important for users when sharing personal context. Based on our findings we discuss guidelines for the design of ambient displays for context sharing.