Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage is known to be a pathological process which continues with the increase of oxidants and expands with the inflammatory response. There is not any study about protective effect of etoricoxib on the liver I/R damage in literature. Objective. This study investigates the effect of etoricoxib on oxidative stress induced by I/R of the rat liver. Material and Methods. Experimental animals were divided into four groups as liver I/R control (LIRC), 50 mg/kg etoricoxib + liver I/R (ETO-50), 100 mg/kg etoricoxib + liver I/R (ETO-100), and healthy group (HG). ETO-50 and ETO-100 groups were administered etoricoxib, while LIRC and HG groups were orally given distilled water by gavage. Hepatic artery was clamped for one hour to provide ischemia, and then reperfusion was provided for 6 hours. Oxidant, antioxidant, and COX-2 gene expressions were studied in the liver tissues. ALT and AST were measured. Results. Etoricoxib in 50 and 100 mg/kg doses changed the levels of oxidant/antioxidant parameters such as MDA, MPO, tGSH, GSHRd, GST, SOD, NO, and 8-OH/Gua in favour of antioxidants. Furthermore, etoricoxib prevented increase of COX-2 gene expression and ALT and AST levels. This important protective effect of etoricoxib on the rat liver I/R can be tested in the clinical setting.

Objectives. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the minimal extracorporeal circulation (MiECT) on postoperative systemic inflammatory response and the need for transfusion in patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. Patients were divided into two groups; Group M (n=31) included the patients operated via using the MiECT system and Group C (n=27) included the patients operated via using conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Perioperative markers of inflammation after cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups were tested by measuring the levels via chemiluminescent immunometric assay. Blood samples were taken consecutively after anesthesia induction, 30th minute of CPB, on the 6th, 24th, and 48th hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. Results. The mean amount of priming solution was significantly lower in Group M when compared to Group C (802.60 ± 48.26 and 1603.71 ± 49.85 ml). The mean hematocrit (Hct) value taken immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass was found to be significantly higher in the MiECT patients with respect to the other group (% 32.71 ± 3.98 and % 28.82 ± 4.39). The transfused amounts of erythrocyte suspension and fresh frozen plasma were found to be significantly lower in patients in Group M when compared to those in Group C. Postoperative mediastinal drainage was also significantly lower in patients in Group M with respect to the other group. There was no significant difference between markers of inflammation. Conclusion. Our results show that MiECT seems to be more advantageous in terms of priming volume, perioperative hematocrit levels, need for blood and blood product transfusion, and mediastinal drainage with respect to the conventional approach after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Present data demonstrated that TCDD may lead to an increase in blood pressure via increased renal oxidative stress and vascular reactivity. However, melatonin might ameliorate the blood pressure disturbed by TCDD in part by decreasing the oxidant activity induced by TCDD.

SummaryBackgroundIn this study, the effects of olmesartan therapy on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were investigated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to two groups, control and olmesartan. Olmesartan was administered 30 mg once a day beginning from preoperative day 5 to postoperative day 28 and on operation day. Blood was drawn from all patients and ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine and iNOS levels were analyzed at six time points (T1: before anesthesia induction, T2: during cardiopulmonary bypass, T3: five min after the cross-clamp was removed, T4: after protamine infusion, T5: on postoperative day 3 and T6: on postoperative day 28).ResultsIn the olmesartan treated group, iNOS levels exhibited significant decreases at T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 time points compared with control group (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). ADMA levels were significantly lower in olmesartan treated group than in control group at T3, T4, T5 and T6 time points (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively). SDMA levels at T2, T3 and T6 time points were higher in control group than olmesartan group. L-Arginine levels were significantly higher at T2 and T3 time points in olmesartan treated group than control group (p<0.001, p<0.01).ConclusionsIt was concluded that administration of olmesartan reduced plasma ADMA, SDMA, iNOS levels and enhanced L-arginine level in CPB time and it could reduce potential postoperative complications through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the postoperative period after coronary bypass surgery.

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2018;38(4):334-9 334 t has been shown that local anesthetic agents like bupivacaine and lidocaine exhibited bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic, and fungicidal properties against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. [1][2][3][4] Infection may occur as a complication after the administration of any In Vitro Investigation of the Antibacterial Effects of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Alone and in Combinations with Fentanyl A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: It was aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activities of the combined use of local anesthetic agents like lidocaine and bupivacaine, the antibacterial effects of which have been demonstrated, with fentanyl. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The in vitro antimicrobial activities of lidocaine, bupivacaine alone and in combination with fentanyl at different concentrations were investigated using microdilution technique. Microorganisms used in the test were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 43251, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus 702 Roma, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607, Candida albicans ATCC 60193, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RSKK 251. Antibacterial assays were performed in Mueller-Hinton broth at pH 7.3 and antifungal analyses were performed in buffered Yeast Nitrogen Base at pH 7.0. R Re es su ul lt ts s: While lidocaine, bupivacaine, and fentanyl demonstrated antibacterial activity when they were used alone, no antibacterial effect was observed when they were used in combination. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The antibacterial efficacy of both lidocaine and bupivacaine is evident when both local anesthetic agents are used alone. However, the antibacterial efficacy is reduced when both agents are combined with fentanyl, which shows that the risk of infection may be more likely. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Antimicrobial activity; lidocaine; bupivacaine; fentanyl Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Antibakteriyel etkinliği gösterilmiş lidokain ve bupivakain gibi lokal anestezik ilaçların, fentanil ile kombine kulanımlarının antibakteriyel aktiviteleri üzerine etkisinin in vitro ortamda araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki lidokain, bupivakain ilaçlarının tek başına ve fentanil ile kombinasyonlarının, in vitro antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri mikro dilüsyon tekniği kullanılarak araştırıldı. Testte kullanılan mikroorganizmalar Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 43251, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus 702 Roma, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607, Candida albicans ATCC 60193, ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae RSKK 251. Antibakteriyel deneyler, pH 7,3'te Mueller-Hinton sıvısında gerçekleştirildi ve pH 7,0'da tamponlu Maya Nitrojen Taban...